Immature mosquito species composition and abundance were studied in irrigated and rain-fed rice fields of North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Irrigated rice fields were characterized by the prevalence of aquatic macrophytes and cyprinodont larvivorous fish, Aplocheilus panchax (Hamilton), but abundance per dip of most aquatic insect predators was lower than that in rain-fed rice fields. Anopheles peditaeniatus (Leicester), Culex vishnui Theobald, and Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles, were dominant in both irrigated and rain-fed fields, but the abundance of the Culex species was lower in irrigated fields. The effect of irrigation system introduction on regional mosquito abundance cannot be evaluated by the enlarged surface water area alone. Changes in habitat quality, expressed as the abundance per dip (index of density per unit water area), also need to be considered.

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This research was aimed to identify morphological charactersofparasitoid Trichogramma sp. at eachsampling location, to assess parasitoidsabundance, and to get attacking percentage data of rice stemborer. The sampling location is in Minahasa Region namely Tondano, Tompaso, Langoan and Kakas.The result revealed that adult size of the parasitoid was from 0.4 to 0.5. The female antenna was macewith short and rare hair. The male parasitoid had straight antenna, and had a lot of hair.The totalnumber of parasitoid Trichogramma spcollected from Langowan, Tompaso, Kakas, and Tondanowas322. The abundance of parasitoid Trichogramma sp was different in each sampling location. Thehighest was collected in Langoan (115) followed by Kakas (86), Tompaso (64) and Tondano (57).Attacking percentage of rice stem borer wasvaried between sampling location. The average of attackingpercentage on each location was 3,51%.The highest of attacking percentage was Langowan (4.53%)followed Kakas (4.24%), Tompaso (3.40%)and Tondano (2.27%.). ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakter morfologi parasitoid Trichogramma sp padamasing-masing lokasi pengambilan contoh, mengetahui kelimpahan parasitoid, dan mendapatkan datapersentase serangan hama penggerek batang padi. Hasil identifikasi didapatkan tubuh seranggadewasa parasitoid berukuran 0,4 – 0,5 cm, antenna betina berbentuk ganda, berbulu pendek dantumbuh jarang, antenna jantan bentuk lurus dan banyak ditumbuhi bulu/ rambut-rambut. Hasil koleksikelompok telur hama penggerek batang padi sawah di Wilayah Langowan, Tompaso, Kakas, danTondano muncul parasitoid Trichogramma sp. dengan total 322 parasit. Terdapat perbedaankelimpahan parasitoid Trichogramma sp. yang ditemukan dimasing-masing lokasi studi. Kelimpahanpopulasi parasitoid tertinggi di wilayah Langowan (115), kemudian diikutio berturut-turut Kakas (86),Tompaso (64), dan Tondano (57). Persentase serangan hama penggerek batang padi sawahberfluktuasi dimasing-masing lokasi studi..Rata-rata persentase serangan pada keseluruhan lokasipengamatan mencapai 3,51%. Wilayah langowan merupakan persentase tertinggi serangan hamapenggerek batang padi mencapai 4,53%, diikuti berturut-turut Kakas 4,24%, Tompaso 3,40% danterendah Tondano hanya 2,27%.

Abstrak   Kupu-kupu merupakan salah satu bagian dari ekosistem yang fungsinya mempertahankan keseimbangan ekosistem dan memperkaya keanekaragaman hayati. Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk menganalisis kekayaan, kelimpahan, keanekaragaman dan kemerataan spesies di hutan Danowudu, Masarang dan Kawatak, juga membandingkan jenis kupu-kupu berdasarkan topografi pada ketiga lokasi hutan tersebut. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di hutan Danowudu, Masarang dan Kawatak dan dilanjutkan di laboratorium dari bulan Maret-Juli 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode transek dan rute dibuat sepanjang 1000 m untuk setiap transek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelimpahan, kekayaan dan keanekaragaman spesies kupu-kupu tertinggi di hutan Danowudu. Kemerataan spesies tertinggi di hutan Masarang. Spesies kupu-kupu yang hanya dapat ditemukan di hutan Danowudu (200-240 mdpl) terdiri dari 13 spesies. Spesies kupu-kupu yang hanya dapat ditemukan di hutan kawatak (827-938 mdpl) terdiri dari 7 spesies. Spesies kupu-kupu yang hanya dapat ditemukan di hutan Masarang (1084-1194 mdpl) terdiri dari 3 spesies. Kata kunci: keanekaragaman, kupu-kupu, Lepidoptera, Sulawesi Utara   Abstract   Butterfly is part of an ecosystem and has function to maintain ecosystem stability and enrich biodiversity. This research aimed to analyze the richness, abundance, diversity and evenness of species in Danowudu, Masarang and Kawatak forest as well as to compare the species of butterflies based on the topography of the three locations of the forest. This research was conducted in Danowudu, Masarang and Kawatak forest and the continued in the laboratory from March to July 2016. This study used a transect method and the route was made as long as 1000 m for each transect. The results showed that the highest abundance, richness and diversity of butterfly species were in Danowudu forest. The highest evenness of species was in the Masarang forest. Butterfly species that was only found in Danowudu forest (200-240 masl) consisted of 13 species. Butterfly species that was only found in Kawatak forest (827-938 masl) included 7 species. Butterfly species that was only found in Masarang forest (1084-1194 masl) comprised 3 species. Keywords: butterfly, diversity, Lepidoptera, North Sulawesi

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