This research was aimed to identify morphological charactersofparasitoid Trichogramma sp. at eachsampling location, to assess parasitoidsabundance, and to get attacking percentage data of rice stemborer. The sampling location is in Minahasa Region namely Tondano, Tompaso, Langoan and Kakas.The result revealed that adult size of the parasitoid was from 0.4 to 0.5. The female antenna was macewith short and rare hair. The male parasitoid had straight antenna, and had a lot of hair.The totalnumber of parasitoid Trichogramma spcollected from Langowan, Tompaso, Kakas, and Tondanowas322. The abundance of parasitoid Trichogramma sp was different in each sampling location. Thehighest was collected in Langoan (115) followed by Kakas (86), Tompaso (64) and Tondano (57).Attacking percentage of rice stem borer wasvaried between sampling location. The average of attackingpercentage on each location was 3,51%.The highest of attacking percentage was Langowan (4.53%)followed Kakas (4.24%), Tompaso (3.40%)and Tondano (2.27%.). ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakter morfologi parasitoid Trichogramma sp padamasing-masing lokasi pengambilan contoh, mengetahui kelimpahan parasitoid, dan mendapatkan datapersentase serangan hama penggerek batang padi. Hasil identifikasi didapatkan tubuh seranggadewasa parasitoid berukuran 0,4 – 0,5 cm, antenna betina berbentuk ganda, berbulu pendek dantumbuh jarang, antenna jantan bentuk lurus dan banyak ditumbuhi bulu/ rambut-rambut. Hasil koleksikelompok telur hama penggerek batang padi sawah di Wilayah Langowan, Tompaso, Kakas, danTondano muncul parasitoid Trichogramma sp. dengan total 322 parasit. Terdapat perbedaankelimpahan parasitoid Trichogramma sp. yang ditemukan dimasing-masing lokasi studi. Kelimpahanpopulasi parasitoid tertinggi di wilayah Langowan (115), kemudian diikutio berturut-turut Kakas (86),Tompaso (64), dan Tondano (57). Persentase serangan hama penggerek batang padi sawahberfluktuasi dimasing-masing lokasi studi..Rata-rata persentase serangan pada keseluruhan lokasipengamatan mencapai 3,51%. Wilayah langowan merupakan persentase tertinggi serangan hamapenggerek batang padi mencapai 4,53%, diikuti berturut-turut Kakas 4,24%, Tompaso 3,40% danterendah Tondano hanya 2,27%.

This study aims at determining changes in the level of carbohydrates and protein during the storage process. The results show that during six-month storage, there are decreases in the levels of carbohydrates and protein content in rice grains. Decreased levels of carbohydrate occurred on red rice obtained from Manado Bersehati market (52.23%), followed by red rice from Karombosan market (41.21%). Control rice with insects and fungi protection treatments' experienced the smallest level of carbohydrate decrease (9.20%). The largest protein content decreased occurred in red rice obtained from Bersehati Market (5,45%), followed by red rice from Karombasan market (4.93%). The smallest decrease occurred in the control rice Superwin obtained from Market Bersehati (0.96%). Long period storage affects the quality of rice.

Aquatic insects are one of the organisms that are used in determining water contamination. Aquatic insects are sensitive to the presence of waste dumped in the river and some are resistant to such waste. One of insect resistant waste is Chironomidae. The research objective was to determine aquatic insect species, population abundance by calculating indices diversity and biotic index. Aquatic insects in the lake watershed Tondano were collected by kicks and Hand Picking. Result showed that seven orders, theerteen families and sixteen species had been identified. The number of highest aquatic insect was found in Noogan which were 13 species, whereas in karondoran were 9 species. Aquatic insects were identified including, Heptagenia sp, sp Baetis sp, Caenis sp., Hydropsyhe, sp and Chrironomidae. The highest aquatic insect populations were collected in Karondoran followed by Winebetan and Noogan. The highest diversity index of aquatic insects was found in Winebetan whereas the lowest was in Karondoran. The lowest value of the biotic index was identified in the region Noogan suggested that water in Noogan area was clean water compared to Winebetan and Karondoran. Key word: Types and aquatic insect populations ABSTRAKSerangga akuatik merupakan salah satu organisme yang digunakan dalam menentukan cemaran air. Serangga air ada yang peka dengan adanya limbah yang dibuang pada aliran sungai dan ada pula yang tahan terhadap limbah tersebut. Salah satu serangga yang tahan terhadap limbah adalah Chironomidae. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui jenis serangga akuatik, populasinya dan menghitung indeks keanekaragman serta bitoik indeks. Serangga akuatik pada daerah aliran sungai danau Tondano diperoleh melalui cara tendangan dan Hand Picking. Dari hasil penelitian telah ditemukan 7 ordo, 13 famili dan 16 species. Jumlah serangga akuatik tertinggi ditemukan di Noogan 13 jenis, dan tergolong rendah diperoleh di karondoran 9 jenis. Jenis serangga akuatik yang ditemukan diantaranya, Heptagenia sp, Baetis sp, Caenis sp., Hydropsyhe, dan Chrironomidae. Populasi serangga akuatik yang tertinggi untuk ketiga wilayah terdapat pada Karondoran 38 individu, kemudian diikuti Winebetan 25,5 individu dan Noogan 25,5 individu. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman serangga akuatik yang tertinggi ditemukan Winebetan H i = 2,37, dan terendah Karondoran H i = 2,09. Sebaliknya nilai biotik indeks terendah ditemukan di wilayah Noogan BI= 2,09, kemudian diikuti BI= 2,14 dan tertinggi BI = 2,21. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pada wilayah Noogan tergolong air bersih dibandingkan dengan Winebetan dan Karondoran. Kata kunci : Jenis dan populasi serangga akuatikEugenia

This study aims to obtain entomopatogenik bacteria (Bacillus cereus) as a potential biological control of pests Spodoptera litura and determine the morphological characteristics and the potential power to kill isolate B. cereus. Explored endogenous bacteria from 99 soil samples from Minahasa regency, South Minahasa and Tomohon. Bacteria were isolated by selectively using methods Ohba and Aizawa identified by colony and cell morphology. The results showed that of the 99 soil samples obtained 141 isolates were identified as Bacillus cereus. Screening 141 isolates of the 80 isolates contained S.litura larvae that can cause deadly diseases and test larvae >50% after 96 hours with a dose of inoculum 1.5 x 107 spores / ml. Isolates that could potentially then be selected based on the pathogenicity then be developed into a biopesticide for pest control S. litura on cauliflower and broccoli plants. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh bakteri entomopatogenik (Bacillus cereus) yang berpotensi sebagai pengendali hayati terhadap hama Spodoptera litura serta mengetahui karakteristik morfologi maupun potensi daya bunuh isolat B. cereus. Bakteri endogenik dieksplorasi dari 99 sampel tanah yang berasal dari Kabupaten Minahasa, Minahasa Selatan dan Kota Tomohon. Bakteri diisolasi secara selektif menggunakan metode Ohba dan Aizawa kemudian diidentifikasi berdasarkan morfologi koloni dan sel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 99 sampel tanah diperoleh 141 isolat yang diidentifikasi sebagai Bacillus cereus. Skrining 141 isolat terhadap larva S. litura terdapat 80 isolat yang dapat menimbulkan penyakit dan mematikan larva uji > 50 % setelah 96 jam dengan dosis inokulum 1,5 x 10 7 spora/ml. Isolat yang berpotensi selanjutnya akan diseleksi berdasarkan patogenisitasnya kemudian akan dikembangkan menjadi biopestisida untuk mengendalikan hama S. litura pada tanaman kubis bunga dan brokoli.

Abstrak Laba-laba (Araneae) adalah salah satu agen biologis yang sangat ampuh dalam pengendalian hama serangga pada ekosistem. Komposisi laba-laba yang dikumpulkan di kebun tanaman kacang merah terdapat 237 individu yang termasuk 19 genus, dan 10 famili. Hasil analisis indeks keanekaragaman laba-laba pada tanaman kedelai menunjukkan pada fase awal pertumbuhan tanaman atau pada pengamatan pertama adalah yang terendah (H'= 1,97), sedangkan tertinggi pada pengamatan kedua (H' = 2,97) , kemudian diikuti oleh pengamatan ketiga atau dalam fase pembuahan (H '= 2,68).   Abstract Spiders (Araneae) are one of the biological agents that are very potential for insect pest control in the ecosystem. The number of spiders that are collected in kidney bean plant field is 237 and consisted of 19 genus and 10 families. The result of spider diversity index analysis in kidney bean plant showed on the first step of plants growth or on the first observation are the lowest        (H’ = 1,97), whereas the highest on the second observation (H’ = 2,97), then followed by the third observation or in fertilization phase (H’ = 2,68). Keywords : spiders, diversity, kidney bean