Tuberkulosis adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh mycobacterium tuberculosis dan menjadi ancaman bagi kesehatan. Jumlah kematian oleh penyakit ini mencapai 2 juta jiwa setiap tahunnya di seluruh dunia. Indonesia termasuk satu dari lima negara dengan kasus tuberkulosis terbanyak terutama tuberkulosis paru. Salah satu propinsi di Indonesia dengan kasus tuberkulosis paru tertinggi adalah Aceh yaitu di Kabupaten Pidie. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana profil penderita tuberkulosis paru di Kabupaten Pidie. Lokasi penelitian adalah Puskesmas Kota Sigli, Puskesmas Mutiara Timur dan Puskesmas Delima pada bulan Oktober dan Nopember 2013 dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sebanyak 20 responden yang dijadikan sampel merupakan penderita tuberkulosis paru dengan BTA (+) yang datang berobat maksimal 3 bulan ke puskesmas. Responden diwawancarai dengan kuesioner terstruktur. Pengamatan lingkungan sekitar rumah responden mencakup pengukuran kelembaban dan pengamatan langsung disekitar rumah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa responden terbanyak adalah laki-laki pada usia produktif dengan status kawin dan pendidikan terbanyak adalah tamat SMA. Penghasilan keluarga setiap bulan di bawah Rp. 1.550.000,00. Jumlah anggota keluarga sebagian besar diatas 4 orang. Kelembaban dalam ruangan sudah baik, tetapi lingkungan disekitar rumah 55 % kumuh.
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that affects many people of the world, including Indonesia. To prevent complications, a good control of DM is needed by patients, one of them is controlling blood sugar and keeping blood pressure stable. DM is reported in Banda Aceh as one of diseases with the highest number of visits every year. The purpose of this study was to determine the achievements of DM control by patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Puskesmas Jayabaru Banda Aceh. The study used a cross sectional design and a sample of 85 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Puskesmas Jayabaru in 2015. The results showed 81.2% HbA1c value ≥ 7%, 80% fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 100 mg/dl, 85.9% of the value post prandial plasma glucose ≥ 140 mg/dl and 58.8% blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg. Of the 85 patients only 7 showed good DM control results. This illustrates that DM control achievement is still below the cut-off value set by PERKENI. Counseling to patients and families is needed to improve the management of type 2 DM by patients. Abstrak Abstrak Diabetes Melitus (DM) merupakan penyakit metabolik yang banyak diderita penduduk dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Untuk mencegah terjadi komplikasi diperlukan pengendalian DM yang baik oleh penderita, salah satunya dengan mengontrol gula darah dan menjaga tekanan darah tetap stabil. Penyakit DM dilaporkan di Kota Banda Aceh sebagai salah satu penyakit dengan angka kunjungan terbanyak setiap tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui capaian pengendalian DM oleh penderita DM tipe 2 di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Jayabaru Kota Banda Aceh. Penelitian menggunakan desain potong lintang dan sampel berjumlah 85 orang penderita DM tipe 2 di Puskesmas Jayabaru tahun 2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 81,2% nilai HbA1c ≥ 7%, 80% nilai GDP ≥ 100 mg/dl, 85,9% nilai GD 2 jam PP ≥ 140 mg/dl, 58,8% dan tekanan darah ≥ 130. Dari 85 pasien hanya tujuh orang yang menunjukkan hasil pengendalian DM yang baik. Hal ini menggambarkan bahwa capaian pengendalian DM masih di bawah nilai cut off yang ditetapkan Perkumpulan Endokrinologi Indonesia (PERKENI). Penyuluhan kepada pasien dan keluarga sangat dibutuhkan untuk memperbaiki pengelolaan DM tipe 2 oleh penderita.
Background: Patient with diabetes mellitus (DM) occurs chronic inflammation by characterized a decreased concentration of various cytokinin types. This causes changes in the body’s immunity so that can be easier in having an infection. One of the most important cytokines against infection is IFN-γ. This study aimed to determine IFN-γ concentration in DM and dyslipidemia patients. Metode: An amount of 234 people who received treatment at the health center in Banda Aceh in 2019 were included in this study. From each respondent, 5 ml of blood was taken to check fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Test of fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, HDL was carried out using the colorimetric enzymatic method. The IFN-γ protein concentration was examined using the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Result: IFN-γ concentration in the non-DM group was higher than in the DM group. There was a significant difference between the average IFN-γ concentration in the non-DM group compared with the DM group (p = 0.000). All DM patients had increased fasting blood glucose, most had hypertriglycerides, but HDL levels were normal. The fasting blood glucose group <126 mg / dl had a higher IFN-γ concentration than the group with fasting blood glucose levels ≥126 mg / dl. There was a significant difference in the concentration of IFN-γ between the two groups (p = 0.000). The group with triglyceride levels <150 mg / dl had lower IFN-γ levels than the group with triglyceride levels ≥ 150 mg / dl. There was a significant difference between the average IFN-γ concentration between those groups (p = 0.000). The fasting blood glucose levels ≥126 mg / dl and triglycerides levels ≥ 150 mg / dl had higher IFN-γ concentration than the group who had fasting blood glucose levels ≥126 mg / dl and triglycerides levels < 150 mg / dl. Conclusion: There are differences in IFN-γ concentrations in people with DM, increased fasting blood glucose and dyslipidemia compared to normal people. Keywords: IFN-γ, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia Abstrak Latar belakang: Penderita diabetes mellitus (DM) dan dyslipidemia mengalami inflamasi kronik yang ditandai dengan perubahan konsentrasi berbagai sitokin. Hal ini yang menyebabkan perubahan imunitas tubuh sehingga mudah mengalami infeksi. Salah satu sitokin yang paling berperan terhadap infeksi adalah interferon gamma (IFN-γ). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memeriksa konsentrasi IFN-γ pada penderita DM dan dislipidemia. Metode: Sebanyak 234 orang yang melakukan pengobatan di puskesmas di Kota Banda Aceh pada tahun 2019 diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini. Dari setiap responden dilakukan pengambilan darah sebanyak 5 ml untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar gula darah puasa (KGD P), trigliserida, high density lipoprotein (HDL), dan inrferon- gamma (IFN-γ). Pemeriksaan KGD, trigliserida, HDL dilakukan dengan metode enzimatik kolorimetrik. Pemeriksaan konsentrasi protein IFN-γ menggunakan teknik sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hasil: Konsentrasi IFN-γ pada kelompok non-DM lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok DM. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara rata-rata konsentrasi IFN-γ pada kelompok non-DM dibandingkan dengan kelompok DM (p=0,000). Semua penderita DM mengalami peningkatan KGD P, sebagian besar mengalami hipertrigliserida, namun kadar HDL normal. Pada kelompok KGD P <126 mg/dl memiliki konsentrasi IFN-γ yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok dengan KGD P ≥126 mg/dl. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna perbedaan konsentrasi IFN-γ antar kedua kelompok tersebut (p=0,000). Kelompok dengan kadar trigliserida <150 mg/dl memiliki kadar IFN-γ lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kelompok dengan kadar trigliserida ≥ 150 mg/dl. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara rata-rata konsentrasi konsentrasi IFN-γ antar kedua kelompok tersebut (p=0,000). Pada kelompok KGD P ≥126 mg/dl dan trigliserida ≥ 150 mg/dl memiliki kadar IFN-γ yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok KGD P ≥126 mg/dl namun trigliserida <150 mg/dl. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara rata-rata konsentrasi konsentrasi IFN-γ antar kedua kelompok tersebut (p=0,000). Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan konsentrasi IFN-γ pada orang dengan DM, peningkatan KGD P dan dislipidemia dibandingkan dengan orang normal. Kata kunci : IFN-γ, diabetes mellitus, dislipidemia.
Tuberculosis (Tb) still a major health problem in developing countries. The success of reducing Tb disease is influenced by compliance behavior and regularity in disease control. The study aims to identify factors related to medication adherence Tb patients. The study is cross sectional design. Data were collected using a questionnaire conducted in 2016. Determination of sample using a total population technique that is 36 Tb patients who consume OAT (Anti Tuberculosis Medication). The results of the study of 10 Tb patients having good Drug Consumption Supervisor (PMO) 76,9%, 14 Tb patients having good family roles 73,7% and 17 good transportation facilities 70.8% to the level of medication adherence was good. There is a relationship between PMO (p-value=0.014), transportation facilities (p-value=0.001), and family roles (p-value=0.001) with medication adherence Tb patients and there is no relationship between drug availability (p-value=0.281) with medication adherence Tb patients. Medication adherence Tb patients is associated with PMO, drug availability, transportation facilities, and family roles. Tb patients are expected to be consistent to take medication regularly and thoroughly.
Humans can be infected with filariasis through mosquito bites with filaria worms in infective larva stage (L3). This study was conducted to detect the antibody, antigen, and the entomology index of potential mosquito vectors of filariasis in Langsa City. This research was conducted in Matang Seulimeng Village and Sungai Paoh Firdaus in Langsa City on November 2016 with 600 respondents. To determine the level of exposure to the infection source, a finger blood survey was conducted with a quick check using the rapid diagnostic test (RDT). RDT used is Brugia test to measure antibodies and ICT (Immuno Chromatographic Test) to measure filaria worm antigens. The existence of potential vectors is measured by entomology index, which are mosquito density, relative abundance, frequency of mosquitoes caught and species dominance. As the result, there were no respondent have been found positive for antibodies or filarial worms antigens in their blood. For the vector data, the potential mosquito vector of filariasis in Langsa City is Culex quinquifasciatus (23%) with peak biting activity at 01.00 02.00 pm.
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