ABSTRAKTerdapat banyak factor dari efek memberikan susu formula, seperti pendapatan, pola perilaku, bayi menemukan tidak kolostrum dan ASI eksklusif, perilaku pemberian susu formula, MP ASI, keselamatan dan peralatan yang sehat, kontaminasi mikroba. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh pada pemberian susu formula tentang diare untuk bayi di puskesmas Teupin Raya Kabupaten Pidie. Metode penelitian: Metode ini adalah analitik deskriptif dengan menggunakan desain berdasarkan studi kasus kontrol yang sudah dilakukan pada 08-23 Februari 2014 dengan sampel 72. Sampel dalam penelitian yaitu 36 sampel kasus dan 36 sampel kontrol. Variabel pengaruh pemberian susu formula tentang diare. Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara yang menggunakan kuesioner, kemudian dianalisa dengan pembuktian berdasarkan uji chi square di tahap accurancy (0,05) dan Ganjil Ratio. hasil penelitian: penelitian menunjukkan ini bahwa ada pengaruh pemberian susu bubuk kepada bayi dengan diare yang usia 0-6 bulan bulan dengan nilai P; 0009 (p <0,05) dan hasil analisis didapatkan skor OR: 4,09 (CI: 1,00). Kesimpulan dan saran: Bayi yang diberi susu formula itu tidak memberikan efek perlindungan sementara diare terjadi dari bayi yang diberikan susu bubuk untuk bayi. diharapkan medis bekerja di puskesmas untuk mengetahui pengaruh cara susu formula yang diberikan kepada bayi dengan diare.Kata Kunci : Diare, faktor risiko, pemberian susu formula ABSTRACT There are many factors effects on giving formulation milk, such as income, behavior pattern, the baby find not colostrum and ASI exclusive, behaviour giving of formulation milk, MP ASI, safety and healthy equipment, contamination microbe. The aim of this research is to known the factors that effect on giving formulation milk about diarhea for baby at Teupin Raya Public healt centre regency Pidie. Research Method: This method is analitical descriptive by using design based on study case control that already done on 08th-23rd of february 2014 by * Penulis untuk korespondensi:

This research aimed to develop context-based teaching materials and creativity to improve elementary school students' scientific literacy in the material of human and animal motion organs. The research method used in this research is Research and Development (Research and Development) which includes stage 1) Preliminary studies in the form of literature studies, 2) Study of teaching material development and 3) limited trials using a one-shot case study. The results of the analysis of the data from the questionnaire assessment of teaching materials by material experts showed that the aspect of content eligibility was 90%, the feasibility aspect was 78% presentation, the aspect of language eligibility was 83% and the aspect assessment was context and creativity 92%. The results of the questionnaire data analysis of teaching material assessment by media experts showed that the size of teaching materials was 69%, the cover was 86% and the content design was 85. Therefore, the teacher's response to context-based teaching materials using questionnaire sheets, and the response obtained that using teaching materials can facilitate teachers to learn science in a simple but meaningful way.

Background: Patient with diabetes mellitus (DM) occurs chronic inflammation by characterized a decreased concentration of various cytokinin types. This causes changes in the body’s immunity so that can be easier in having an infection. One of the most important cytokines against infection is IFN-γ. This study aimed to determine IFN-γ concentration in DM and dyslipidemia patients. Metode: An amount of 234 people who received treatment at the health center in Banda Aceh in 2019 were included in this study. From each respondent, 5 ml of blood was taken to check fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Test of fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, HDL was carried out using the colorimetric enzymatic method. The IFN-γ protein concentration was examined using the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Result: IFN-γ concentration in the non-DM group was higher than in the DM group. There was a significant difference between the average IFN-γ concentration in the non-DM group compared with the DM group (p = 0.000). All DM patients had increased fasting blood glucose, most had hypertriglycerides, but HDL levels were normal. The fasting blood glucose group <126 mg / dl had a higher IFN-γ concentration than the group with fasting blood glucose levels ≥126 mg / dl. There was a significant difference in the concentration of IFN-γ between the two groups (p = 0.000). The group with triglyceride levels <150 mg / dl had lower IFN-γ levels than the group with triglyceride levels ≥ 150 mg / dl. There was a significant difference between the average IFN-γ concentration between those groups (p = 0.000). The fasting blood glucose levels ≥126 mg / dl and triglycerides levels ≥ 150 mg / dl had higher IFN-γ concentration than the group who had fasting blood glucose levels ≥126 mg / dl and triglycerides levels < 150 mg / dl. Conclusion: There are differences in IFN-γ concentrations in people with DM, increased fasting blood glucose and dyslipidemia compared to normal people. Keywords: IFN-γ, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia   Abstrak Latar belakang: Penderita diabetes mellitus (DM) dan dyslipidemia mengalami inflamasi kronik yang ditandai dengan perubahan konsentrasi berbagai sitokin. Hal ini yang menyebabkan perubahan imunitas tubuh sehingga mudah mengalami infeksi. Salah satu sitokin yang paling berperan terhadap infeksi adalah interferon gamma (IFN-γ). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memeriksa konsentrasi IFN-γ pada penderita DM dan dislipidemia. Metode: Sebanyak 234 orang yang melakukan pengobatan di puskesmas di Kota Banda Aceh pada tahun 2019 diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini. Dari setiap responden dilakukan pengambilan darah sebanyak 5 ml untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar gula darah puasa (KGD P), trigliserida, high density lipoprotein (HDL), dan inrferon- gamma (IFN-γ). Pemeriksaan KGD, trigliserida, HDL dilakukan dengan metode enzimatik kolorimetrik. Pemeriksaan konsentrasi protein IFN-γ menggunakan teknik sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hasil: Konsentrasi IFN-γ pada kelompok non-DM lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok DM. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara rata-rata konsentrasi IFN-γ pada kelompok non-DM dibandingkan dengan kelompok DM (p=0,000). Semua penderita DM mengalami peningkatan KGD P, sebagian besar mengalami hipertrigliserida, namun kadar HDL normal. Pada kelompok KGD P <126 mg/dl memiliki konsentrasi IFN-γ yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok dengan KGD P  ≥126 mg/dl. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna perbedaan konsentrasi  IFN-γ  antar kedua kelompok tersebut (p=0,000). Kelompok dengan kadar trigliserida <150 mg/dl memiliki kadar IFN-γ lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kelompok dengan kadar trigliserida ≥ 150 mg/dl. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara rata-rata konsentrasi konsentrasi  IFN-γ  antar kedua kelompok tersebut (p=0,000). Pada kelompok KGD P ≥126 mg/dl dan trigliserida ≥ 150 mg/dl memiliki kadar IFN-γ yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok KGD P ≥126 mg/dl namun trigliserida <150 mg/dl. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara rata-rata konsentrasi konsentrasi  IFN-γ  antar kedua kelompok tersebut (p=0,000). Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan konsentrasi IFN-γ  pada orang dengan DM, peningkatan KGD P dan dislipidemia dibandingkan dengan orang normal. Kata kunci : IFN-γ, diabetes mellitus, dislipidemia.

The 21st century demanded that humans have various life skills. HOTS (High Order Thinking Skills) was a competency that leads to the formation of various 21st century life skills. Achieving HOTS on educational process was the basis. This study aimed to produce a HOTS-based assess-ment instrument in educational statistics that was valid and reliable. This research and develop-ment consisted of 8 steps, namely (1) determining the specifications of the instrument, (2) writing the instrument, (3) making a measurement scale, (4) selecting a rating system, (5) reviewing the instrument, (6) testing the instrument, (7) analyze the instrument, (8) compose the instrument. The research subjects were students of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training Faculty, State Islamic Universi-ty Professor K.H. Saifuddin Zuhri in the fourth and sixth semesters as many as 194 people for the 2020-2021 academic years. Data collected by tests. Data analyzed was in the form of validation (content and construct) and reliability tests. The research produced a valid and reliable HOTS-based test as many as 32 items with Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.658 in the high category.

Teaching materials are one of the important components needed in the learning process. With the appropriate teaching materials, it is hoped that it can help the smooth running of learning activities. Science is a compulsory subject for elementary school students. Science contains all things related to nature. Teaching materials that have been used in learning activities are teaching materials made by the government. The purpose of this study was to determine the needs of students for context-based teaching materials and creativity to improve the scientific literacy of elementary school students. The research subjects were students from several elementary schools in Peukan Bada District, 25 students were used as the source of interview data. Data were collected using interviews and open questionnaires for students. The research data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively. Based on the research data, it can be concluded that it is necessary to develop context-based teaching materials and creativity. Context and creativity-based teaching materials were chosen because they can facilitate students to learn, both with educators and independently. Context-based teaching materials and creativity are teaching materials that are packaged in a comprehensive and schematic manner. This study is also part of a study on the development of teaching materials on the topic of human and animal organism.