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The object of the study is the impact of dredging in the Ob riverbed on individual components of the environment, in particular, ichthyofauna. The volumes of transit and capital dredging in the river channel on the crossing sections that are difficult for navigation have been determined and substantiated. To calculate the damage, a method to determine the loss of ichthyofauna was used, taking into account the death of benthic and planktonic organisms in turbidity plumes and on the bottom areas subjected to development by dredgers and buried under dumped fills. It has been established that the greatest losses of ichthyomass will occur in the sections of the Upper Ob (up to the Novosibirsk reservoir) and the Middle Ob (up to the mouth of the Tom River), which is explained by the presence of numerous crossovers that impede navigation and require constant dredging. In the Lower Ob, the negative impact on benthos, plankton and ichthyofauna will be insignificant due to the small number of small crossovers. The volumes of dredging in the fairway required to maintain guaranteed depths and dimensions have a certain environmental load, the level of which is not critical for the ecosystems of a large river. However, when creating large-scale capital bypass channels, it can increase sharply in certain years. By reducing the load, a stable shipping lane can be created and the frequency of dredging operations at each of the crossover sections can be reduced. The advantages and disadvantages of the used damage assessment method are noted.

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The object of the study is to carry out transit dredging operations in the bed of the Ob River over a long period of time (2000-2020). The frequency and volumes of dredging on those rifts that created difficulties for navigation are analyzed. Based on extensive primary data, such parameters as: the number of developments during the period under review, the average volume per development, the total volume of displaced soil for each roll, the number of periods of three or more years in which dredging was carried out on the roll) were calculated. The proposed parameters have technical, economic and environmental significance. It was found that during the specified period dredging was required on the rifts. The rifts in the section of the Approach Channel of the Novosibirsk hydroelectric power station gateway - the mouth of the Tom River are most affected. A number of rifts have been dredged almost continuously for 5-7 years or more. To establish a relationship between the indicators, correlation coefficients (rxy) were calculated in the pairs "Number of developments" – "Total volume" and "Number of developments" – "Average volume". It was found that there is a significant positive relationship between the number of developments and the total volume of displaced soil. There is no equally strong connection between the number of developments on the roll and the average volume of one slot. The disadvantages and advantages of the proposed method of evaluation are noted.

The task of ensuring the unhindered passage of ice during the spring ice drift through hydraulic structures remains relevant today. Ensuring the non-blocking passage of spring ice can be achieved by the device of structures that create such hydrodynamic conditions under which ice floes break into smaller ones. The aim of the work is to obtain theoretical solutions for determining the forces acting on an ice floe when it passes through a drop; bending moments that create conditions for breaking ice floes. The main schemes of the passage of the ice floe through the concentrated drop are highlighted and examined. Solutions for the calculation of the fault have been obtained. The Archimedean forces are determined for all five schemes of ice floe movement. Equations are obtained for calculating bending moments relative to a randomly selected section, the differentiation of which gives a dependence on the determination of the distance to the dangerous section. Introducing some assumptions, an approximate method for calculating the fracture of ice floes in any section has been developed. To create a concentrated drop, it is proposed to build a structure in front of the main waterworks; the design is confirmed by an author's certificate.