Diabetic retinopathy  is a disease that tends to damage retinal microvasculature as chronic progressive, related with the old hyperglycaemia and also connected with diabetes mellitus and hypertension; that can expand into certain level and can turn to serious complication. The purpose of this observation is to know about prevalence of diabetic retinopathy on Polyclinic Opthalmology BLU RSU Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou in Manado within one year. This method of observation are retrospective descriptive which is utilize the secondary data in notes form that is taken from Department of Opthalmology BLU RSU Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou in Manado within period June 2012 – May 2013 and October 2013. In this observation that had 498 samples, with 219 people (44%) that is positively diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy. Based from sexes it self, diabetic retinopathy occur more in female patient as much as 116 people (52,96%). However, that disease is dominated with the patient at age 45-64 year old 128 people (58,44%) that also has history of diabetes mellitus. From 219 patients retinopati diabetik, there are 200 people (91,32%) that has vision problem. As we know about the risk of this disease, we are hoping that the patient of retinopati diabetik and diabetes melitus could constantly control their blood pressure and blood sugar, as well as eyes checking to cut down future risk. Keywords: Prevalence, retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, complication of diabetes.   Abstrak: Retinopati diabetik adalah penyakit yang berpotensi merusak pembuluh darah retinal secara kronis progresif, berhubungan dengan hiperglikemia yang lama dan terkait dengan diabetes melitus juga hipertensi; dapat berkembang sampai tingkatan tertentu dan merupakan komplikasi yang serius. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui prevalensi retinopati diabetik pada poliklinik ilmu kesehatan mata BLU RSU Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado selang satu tahun. Metode penelitian bersifat deskriptif retrospektif dengan memanfaatkan data sekunder berupa catatan medik yang terdapat di Bagian Mata BLU RSU Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Periode Juni 2012-Mei 2013 dan Oktober 2013. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat 498 sampel, dengan 219 orang (44%) yang terdiagnosa retinopati diabetik. Berdasarkan jenis kelamin, retinopati diabetik lebih banyak dialami pasien berjenis kelamin perempuan sebanyak 116 orang (52,96%). Sedangkan untuk rentang umur, didominasi oleh pasien dengan rentang umur 45-64 tahun sebanyak 148 orang (67,5%), dan terdapat 128 orang (58,44%) yang memiliki riwayat diabetes melitus. Dari 219 orang pasien retinopati diabetik terdapat 200 orang (91,32%) yang visusnya terganggu. Dengan melihat resiko penyakit ini, pasien retinopati diabetik dan diabetes melitus diharapkan dapat mengontrol gula darah dan tekanan darah, serta dengan rutin memeriksakan mata untuk menekan progresifitas penyakit. Kata Kunci : Prevalensi, retinopati, retinopati diabetik, komplikasi diabetes.

A transorbital-penetrating intracranial injury (TOPI) is an unusual traumatic brain injury. This rare injury has the potential to result in serious and fatal brain damage with a high mortality rate and requires prompt multidisciplinary surgical intervention. Here, we describe an interesting case in which a patient who presented with accidental penetrating injuries of the brain was found to have a transorbital-penetrating intracranial injury (TOPI). We chose an anterior approach to the foreign body above the entrance wound for removal in a retrograde manner with fluoroscopic guidance. The patient remained well with no complications and was discharged on postoperative day 10. Reasonable diagnostic imaging, surgical planning, and careful post-surgery management can increase patients successful outcomes.

Age–related macular degeneration (AMD) is a visual impairment in central area of the retina (macula) that tends to be progressive. In developing countries, AMD becomes the most common cause of irreversible vision loss in people aged ≥50 years. This study aimed to obtain the prevalence of AMD in Department of Opthalmology at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado from January 2013 to October 2015. This was a descriptive retrospective study using medical records of Department of Opthalmology. The results showed that there were 41 patients diagnosed as AMD. Based on sexes, AMD occured more frequent in male patients as many as 28 paients (68.3%). This disease was dominated by patients aged 61-70 years old as many as 16 patients (39%). There were 10 patients (24.4%) that had history of hypertension.Keywords: prevalence, AMD  Abstrak: Age–related macular degeneration (AMD) adalah suatu gangguan penglihatan sentral retina (makula) yang bersifat progresif. Di negara berkembang AMD menjadi penyebab terbanyak hilangnya penglihatan yang ireversibel pada individu di atas 50 tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi AMD di Poliklinik Mata BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode Januari 2013-Oktober 2015. Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif retrospektif dengan memanfaatkan data rekam medik di Poliklinik Mata BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan 41 pasien dengan diagnosis AMD. Berdasarkan jenis kelamin, AMD lebih banyak dialami oleh jenis kelamin laki-laki sebanyak 28 orang (68,3%), sedangkan untuk rentang umur didominasi oleh umur 61-70 tahun yaitu sebanyak 16 orang (39%). Terdapat 10 orang (24,4%) dengan riwayat hipertensi.Kata kunci: prevalensi, AMD

The prevalence of retinal abnormality in Indonesia reached 0.13% and is the fourth leading cause of blindness after cataract, glaucoma. and refractive disorders. Vitrectomy is a type of surgery to treat retinal disorders that removes the vitreous, therefore, the operation can be performed and vision can be corrected. This study aimed to determine the indications to undergo vitrectomy in retinal disorders. This was a descriptive retrospective study using data of medical records of patients with retinal disorders who underwent vitrectomy at Community Eye Health Center (CEHC) of North Sulawesi Province. There were 27 patients in this study consisted of 17 male patients (63%) and 10 female patients (37%). The major indications of vitrectomy were retinal detachment in 16 patients (59%) and diabetic retinopathy in 11 patients (41%). In case of retinal detachment male patients were the most frequent to undergo vitrectomy (12 patients; 44.44%) than female patients (4 patients; 14.81%). In case of diabetic retinopathy there were no difference between males (18.52%) and females (22.22%)Keywords: retinal disorder, vitrectomy, retinal detachment, diabetic retinopathy  Abstrak: Prevalensi kelainan retina di Indonesia mencapai 0,13% dan merupakan penyebab kebutaan keempat setelah katarak, glaucoma, dan kelainan refraksi. Vitrektomi adalah salah satu jenis operasi untuk mengobati kelainan retina melalui pengangkatan vitreus sehingga retina dapat dioperasi dan penglihatan dapat diperbaiki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui indikasi dilakukannya vitrektomi pada kelainan retina. Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif retrospektif dengan menggunakan data dari rekam medis penderita dengan kelainan retina yang menjalani vitrektomi di Balai Kesehatan Mata Masyarakat (BKMM) Propinsi Sulawesi Utara. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan 27 pasien dengan kelainan retina yang menjalani vitrektomi terdiri dari 17 pasien laki-laki (63%) dan 10 pasien perempuan (37%). Indikasi untuk vitrektomi terbanyak pada retinal detachment sebanyak 16 pasien (59%) dan retinopati diabetik sebanyak 11 pasien (41%). Pada indikasi retinal detachment didapatkan pasien laki-laki yang paling banyak menjalani vitrektomi yaitu 12 pasien (44,44%) sedangkan perempuan 4 pasien (14,81%). Pada indikasi retinopati diabetik tidak terdapat perbedaan antara laki-laki (18,52%) dan perempuan (22,22%)Kata kunci: kelainan retina, vitrektomi, retinal detachment, retinopati diabetik