The purpose of this work is to find out the teachers' opinions regarding the aims and objectives of the teaching of science, within the frame of the educational reform. We attempt to disclose to what extent educational thinking gives priority to the training of the students in scientific concepts, laws and theories needed in further courses (propedeutic training) and how this thinking pays less attention to the so-called scientific literacy which is meant to be the main object of the teaching of science according to the designers of the curriculum. To achieve this, we carried out a multiple and convergent experimental design with a number of samples of teachers. We found a confirmation that in secondary education, the curricular emphasis of teachers focuses on the propedeutic training of students.

In this paper we study the determinants of the real exchange rate (RER), analysing in particular its association with the share of wages in output. We model the behavior of the RER against the US dollar of the domestic currency of three countries: Mexico, Korea, and France. We specify econometric vector autoregression (VAR) models and find for each country a long-run relation for the RER. In the three cases, we identify a negative association between the RER and the wage share and the RER, and the difference between the domestic and the US nominal interest rate. We also find that the RER is positively associated with labor productivity in Korea and France, but negatively associated in Mexico. We then suggest theoretical reasons for the type of associations found. As a corollary, we discuss the reasons that may explain why the RER tends to return to a long-run ‘normal’ value.

El estudio analiza las percepciones de un grupo de docentes de educación superior que participaron en procesos de perfeccionamiento docente que incluyeron, en alguna de sus etapas, la evaluación por pares. Se busca indagar la incidencia que esta evaluación, efectuada mediante observaciones entre pares, generaría en sus prácticas educativas. Para esto se utiliza un enfoque mixto a través de la aplicación del test approaches to teaching inventory (ATI), antes y después del trabajo de perfeccionamiento y la evaluación por pares. Junto con ello se realizan entrevistas semiestructuradas autoadministradas a los participantes. Los resultados dejan en evidencia que los cambios que genera esta evaluación por pares puede ser una importante contribución para un cambio efectivo en las prácticas educativas en educación superior, que generen mejores y más profundos aprendizajes en los y las estudiantes y, por tanto, una mejora en la calidad de la educación.

<span>In this work we consider a stochastic volatility model, commonly used in financial time series studies, to analyse ozone data. The model considered depends on some parameters and in order to estimate them a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is proposed. The algorithm considered here is the so-called Gibbs sampling algorithm which is programmed using the language R. Its code is also given. The model and the algorithm are applied to the weekly ozone averaged measurements obtained from the monitoring network of Mexico City.</span> <p> <span></span> </p>

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