No abstract

Проблема и цель. В статье раскрывается проблема соотношения социальной ответственности и различных показателей инновационности личности как компонентов стиля ее инновационной активности. Целью статьи является определение особенностей влияния опыта профессиональной деятельности на стилевые особенности инновационной активности. Методология. В исследовании приняли участие 528 человек. Для теоретического обоснования оценки инновационности личности использовались следующие методологические подходы: концепция М. Киртона, позволяющая дифференцировать людей в зависимости от их отношения к новым идеям, технологиям и предложениям; концепция М. Басадура, позволяющая построить креативные профили личности; подход В. А. Артемьевой, в рамках которого социальная ответственность включается как отдельный компонент в общий показатель инновационности личности. Блок включал методики М. Киртона, М. Басадура, В. А. Артемьевой и методику оценки локуса контроля Дж. Роттера. Результаты. Сравниваются методологические и методические подходы к описанию и оценке стиля инновационной активности будущих специалистов. Результаты исследования показали, что работающие студенты проявили более высокий уровень социальной ответственности, чем не работающие. Получены достоверные различия по показателям инновационности личности между группами работающих и не работающих студентов. Общий показатель инновационности по М. Киртону и отдельные показатели инновационного стиля по М. Басадуру Артемьева Вероника Алиевнакандидат психологических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры управления организацией, Санкт-Петербургский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет (СПбГАСУ).

Various physical characteristics of a partner-visual, auditory, tactile and kinetic, olfactory, and gustatory-can affect human mate choice and romantic attraction. Evolutionary factors, as well as socioeconomic and cultural parameters play their role in these sensory preferences. A series of studies in societies varying in social, economic, and cultural parameters (10 samples in six countries with 2740 participants in total) explored cross-cultural similarities and differences of sensory preferences that people have in their romantic attraction. The results revealed that social development of countries and their cultural parameters allow prediction of preferences of certain sensory parameters in one's romantic partner's appearance. The most general distinctions of sensory preferences are in the societies with different degree of modernization, along with corresponding social and cultural parameters. The stable biologically and evolutionarily determined characteristics of physical appearance, such as smell, skin, body, etc., are important for one's sensory preferences in romantic attraction in less modernized societies, which are characterized by greater power distance, lower individualism, indulgence, and emancipative values. On the other hand, the characteristics of romantic partner's appearance, which are more flexible and easier to change, such as expressive behavior, dress, dance, etc., are more important in more modernized societies with lower Power Distance, high value of Individualism, Indulgence, and Emancipation.

The urgency of the problem is caused by the fact that the creation of innovation and innovation environment in all sectors of the economy and people's lives puts forward special demands to each individual, the society in general and the quality of education and skills of personnel. The paper describes the results of the study of the hierarchy of values, personality traits according to Cattell and the locus of control among students with a high level of innovativeness. As an approach to the evaluation of innovativeness, the concept of M. Kirton was used. As a result of the research, it was revealed that individuals with high innovative activity are characterized by the internal locus of control and a set of basic values that differs from the set of basic values of a creative personality and it represents by itself a combination of such values as independence, stimulation, hedonism and power.

The series of studies explored the role of visual, auditory, tactile-kinesthetic, and olfactory modalities in physical attraction toward a romantic partner in four cultures. Participants ( N = 1,330) from four European countries, Russia ( n = 433), Portugal ( n = 248), Georgia ( n = 436), and France ( n = 213) completed the surveys rating the degree of their physical attraction and how important the various sensory modalities are in their romantic attraction to a partner. Factor analysis revealed 13 sensory factors, among those are expressive behavior, dancing, singing, facial structure, body characteristics, hair and eye features, voice, expressive manner of speaking, skin, dressing, and lips. ANOVA showed cross-culturally common and most prevalent sensory factors of romantic attraction as well as differences among cultures. These differences are explained by climate variations, cultural values, and traditions.