Eighteen patients who developed cutaneous reactions to red tattoos were studied to identify the chemicals responsible for the reactions to modern red tattoo pigments. Biopsies from the tattoos were examined histologically and the chemical composition of the red pigments was analysed by X-ray microanalysis. A variety of metallic elements including aluminium, iron, calcium, titanium, silicon, mercury and cadmium were detected. Patch tests were performed to the relevant chemicals in nine cases, and only one patient reacted to mercury. This study demonstrates that although reactions to mercury still occur, other red dyes containing a variety of inorganic pigments may provoke a cutaneous inflammatory response.

Voth' first recognised this rare condition in 1962 and defined it as arachnocytosis of the heart muscle. In 1965 Hudson2 referred to a child who had died in atrial tachycardia and whose heart showed an unusual form of lipid storage disease with no other organ affected.The cases reported have been predominantly in females and under 24 months of age. Various arrhythmias, mainly tachycardias, have been detected before death in several cases. Sudden death in an apparently healthy infant, however, has been documented in several others.At necropsy the heart is enlarged. Histological examination shows myocytes with a swollen, foamy, and granular cytoplasm. Ultrastructural studies have shown that this granularity is due to increased numbers of enlarged mitochondria.The aetiology is unknown, but a genetic basis has been proposed, based on the strong female preponderance.3 The following case reports add further evidence to a hypothesis of a genetic aetiology. Case reports CASES 1 AND 2Two children were born to caucasian nonconsanguineous parents (family A), were separated by an eight year interval. A third sibling, a 7 year old male, at the time of death of the second child, is alive and well at the time of writing.

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Introduction The elderly population suffers from the natural process called immunosenescence, which may be related to the high mortality rates it has against the SARS-CoV2 virus, which is why therapies that improve the immune status are required. The combined treatment of the VA-MENGOC-BC® (V-BC) vaccine and the Biomodulina T® (BT) drug could achieve this purpose. This treatment could immunomodulate both the innate and adaptive branches of the immune system simultaneously. Objective To determine the effect of BT and V-BC on the immunomodulation of lymphocyte subpopulations in older adults. Methods Our study was carried out in 30 apparently healthy Cuban adults over 65 years of age. The study included three groups of 10 subjects per treatment: a combination of both and the monotherapies. Before and 7 days after treatment, 2 ml of peripheral blood was drawn from each subject. Multiparametric flow cytometry was used to identify lymphocyte subpopulations. For the comparison between the groups, point estimates and the confidence intervals of the Odds Ratio were made. Results We found that subpopulations of B lymphocytes and natural cytotoxic T (NKT) cells increased only with the administration of BT. Additionally, combination treatments and V-BC did not generate statistically significant immunomodulatory changes in any of the studied lymphocyte subpopulations. Conclusions BT presented an immunoenhancing effect on the B and NKT lymphocyte subpopulations of older adults. The three-dose treatment scheme a novel and specific treatment strategy for this formulation. We also were verified that the combined application of V-BC and BT did not have the expected benefits. All these findings suggest that BT administration is a promising approach for immune restoration and to offering protection in elderly patients against COVID-19.