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Bufavirus (BuV) was initially discovered in fecal samples from children with acute diarrhea. In this study, we determined the prevalence, distribution, and genotype(s) of BuV in Thailand. A total of 1,495 diarrheal and 741 non-diarrheal stool specimens were collected and analyzed. A portion of the NS1 gene of BuV was amplified by nested RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to classify the BuV strains found. We detected bufavirus (BuV) in diarrheal (4/1495; 0.27%) but not in non-diarrheal specimens (0/726). All four strains belonged to BuV genotype 1. BuV could be detected in adults and children, but its role in causing acute diarrhea remains unclear.

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Global eradication of poliovirus (PV) has previously relied on the live attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). However, in order to eliminate the risk of vaccineassociated paralytic poliomyelitis, the use of OPV will soon be discontinued. Thailand has introduced inactivated polio vaccine since December 2015 and replaced trivalent with bivalent OPV since April 2016. To provide crucial surveillance data during this polio vaccine transition period, poliovirus shedding in stool was performed. A total of 7446 stool samples between 2010 and September 2018 were tested for poliovirus using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Approximately 0.44% (33/ 7446) of the samples tested were positive for PV. All positive specimens had more than 99% homology with the Sabin vaccine strain, based on complete VP1 nucleotide sequences. Although trivalent OPV use has been discontinued in Thailand since April 2016, PV type 2 could be detected in stool samples collected in May 2016 but has not been found afterwards. The use of bivalent OPV was able to reduce PV type 2 shedding in stools and could contribute to the reduction of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in Thai children.