(*) Trabajo financiado con una Ayuda del Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (96/0954).
RESUMENFundamento: Adaptación transcultural de la escala de medida de estresores laborales en personal de enfermería hospitalario «The Nursing Stress Scale».Métodos: Se ha utilizado el método de traducción-retrotraducción complementado con metodología cualitativa (grupos de discusión). La escala original fue traducida al castellano de forma independiente por dos enfermeras bilingües de origen español que habían residido en Estados Unidos. A continuación se llevó a cabo la retrotraducción al inglés por dos traductores de origen norteamericano residentes en España. Se realizaron 2 grupos de discusión; uno compuesto por enfermeras/os y otro por auxiliares de enfermería de distintos servicios y hospitales. Por último, se realizó una encuesta piloto en 20 profesionales de enfermería.Resultados: Los ítems fueron clasificados según la dificultad en encontrar una expresión en castellano conceptualmente equivalente a la original; 15 ítems no presentaron ninguna dificultad. en 13 ítems fue moderada y en 6 alta. Tras una nueva traducción de los ítems problemáticos y las consultas realizadas a uno de los autores de la escala original, se obtuvo una versión en castellano en la que 12 ítems presentaban dos o más versiones alternativas, que fueron valoradas posteriormente en la encuesta piloto. Como resultado de los grupos de discusión se concluyó que los estresores laborales percibidos por el personal de enfermería son equiparables a los contemdos en la escala original exceptuando el ítem «Avería del ordenador» que no resulta procedente en nuestro medio.Conclusión: Se ha obtenido una versión adaptada en castellano de la escala The Nursing Stress Scale. siendo necesaria la evaluación posterior de su validez y fiabilidad.
The objective of this study is to assess the relationship between the decision to return to work during the first year after delivery and socio-demographic and professional factors, as well as the reasons why the decision is made. Data collection was carried out by a personal interview in the hospital, two days after childbirth. 597 primiparous or secundiparous women who had developed a professional activity during pregnancy were interviewed. Uni and multivariate statistical analysis techniques were used. Blue collar workers (ORadjusted = 0.13), administrative staff (ORadjusted = 0.16), women who give up work more than a month before the birth (ORadjusted = 0.33 and 0.28), women without a contract (ORadjusted = 0.19) and temporary workers (ORadjusted = 0.30) were less likely to make the decision of returning to work. According to these results, the continuity of the women in the labour market after maternity is determined to a great extent by the social and employment context where she works; a fact which must be taken into account when putting into practice maternal and child health promotion programmes.
The work environment of an iron foundry involved a large number of exposures related to several health problems, mainly lung cancer. "Altos Hornos del Mediterráneo (AHM)" fron Sagunto is an iron industry that stopped its foundry plant production in 1984. The present paper shows the methodological problems merged during the reconstruction of AHM workers' cohort. From personnel files a male cohort was defined for 7,018 males who worked at least one year and started work between 1950 and 1970, following them through 1991. The cause of death was obtained from de Civil register, Life insurance and reference hospitals. By means of experts the work areas were rated in three exposure levels. 6% of cohort members were lost during the follow-up. 2786 deaths were reported and 88% causes of death were retrieved. The enterprise data files let us to reconstruct the cohort, but the availability of a National Death Index, as there is in other countries would have made easier the job and would have improved the data quality.
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