Introducción. El estudio analizó los niveles de actividad física cardiosaludable (AFCS) de los escolares de primaria en la jornada escolar y la jerarquía de factores predictores de dicha conducta activa. Metodología. Estudio transversal, prospectivo, correlacional e inferencial. Se recabaron datos de diferente naturaleza (fenotipo sexual, tipología ponderal, resistencia cardiaca, capacidad aeróbica, expresividad emocional y social, ansiedad-rasgo, tipología sociométrica, nivel de sedentarismo, tipo de centro y jornada) en un total de 58 sujetos (32 niños y 26 niñas) (12 años) de 24 centros. Tras registrar la FC durante 5 jornadas escolares, se analizó el tiempo invertido en AFCS en FC ≥50% FC de reserva. Posteriormente, se aplicó análisis correlacional y técnica árbol de decisiones determinando la relación jerárquica de rasgos predictores de AFCS (α= 0,05). Resultados y conclusiones. Los varones alcanzarían en el recreo más AFCS que las niñas (p min/sem =0,03; p% tiempo/sem =0,02). Los chicos populares acumularían más AFCS que el resto (R2=38,85). Los escolares con una resistencia aeróbica inferior a la media acumularían más AFCS en Ed. Física que el resto (R2=8,39). Quienes muestran índices intermedios de expresividad emocional alcanzarían más AFCS que el resto en Ed. Artística y otras actividades escolares minoritarias, donde los introvertidos “activos y muy activos” alcanzarían más AFCS que los introvertidos “poco activos y sedentarios” (R2=30,09). El supuesto ecológico es insuficiente para explicar el nivel de AFCS de los escolares durante la jornada escolar.Abstract. Introduction. The study analyzed the levels of cardio-healthy physical activity (CHPA) of elementary school children in the school day and the hierarchy of predictive factors. Methodology. A cross-sectional, prospective, correlational, and inferential study. Fifty-eight children (32 boys and 26 girls) (11.88 ± 0.32 years) enrolled in 24 schools provided data of sexual phenotype, weight type, cardiac endurance, aerobic capacity, social and emotional expressiveness, anxiety, sociometric type, sedentary level, type of center, and school day. After registering the subjects’ heart rate with Polar® monitors for 5 consecutive school days, the CHPA was analyzed (time spent in an effort of ≥50% HR reserve). Subsequently, correlational analysis and decision tree technique were carried out to determine the hierarchical relationship of CHPA predictive factors (α = 0.05). Results and conclusions. Boys would reach more CHPA than girls at recess (pmin/sem = 0.03; p% time/sem = 0.02). Among the former, the popular ones would accumulate more CHPA than the rest (R2= 38.85). Schoolchildren with lower aerobic endurance would accumulate more CHPA in Physical Education than the rest (R2= 8.39). Those who show intermediate rates of emotional expressiveness would achieve more CHPA than the rest in Artistic and other minority school activities, where active and very active introverts would achieve more CHPA than little active and sedentary introverts (R2= 30.09). The ecological model is insufficient to explain the level of CHPA of school children during the school day.
The aging process leads to deterioration in physiological functions, decreasing functional capacity. Since physical exercise reduces deleterious effects, measuring physical condition is necessary in older adults. The aim of this study was to verify the evolution of the range of motion in institutionalized sedentary older adults. The sample consisted of 19 volunteers aged 65-95 years who completed the Chair Sit-and-Reach test (CSR) and the Back-Scratch test (BS) to measure flexibility of the lower and upper limbs, respectively, before and after a period of 12 weeks without intervention. The results showed significant decrease during the control period (BS, p=0.004; CSR, p=0.001). These findings confirm that physical inactivity could lead to important loss of flexibility of institutionalized individuals, indicating decline of the elastic properties of musculoskeletal tissues and of connective tissues of joints. Therefore, the participation of institutionalized older adults in properly prescribed and guided physical exercises should be continuous and regular.
La flexibilidad a niveles adecuados es importante para un correcto desempeño de las actividades cotidianas. Sin embargo, esta cualidad puede verse influenciada negativamente por distintos factores, como el estilo de vida, el envejecimiento y el género. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el nivel de flexibilidad entre personas mayores institucionalizadas y físicamente inactivas con personas mayores físicamente activas, comparando, además, de qué forma el fenotipo sexual puede influir sobre la misma. La muestra estuvo compuesta por personas mayores de 65 años, siendo un grupo físicamente activo (GA) de 54 participantes y un grupo de mayores institucionalizados e inactivos (GI) con 19 participantes; a los que se les evaluó la flexibilidad con dos test de la Batería Senior Fitness Test. Los resultados mostraron una diferencia significativa de la flexibilidad de tren superior e inferior a favor del grupo GA (p < .001) con la influencia del fenotipo sexual variando en función de la zona evaluada. Concluimos que es fundamental añadir en el día a día de las personas mayores la práctica de ejercicio físico, así como incentivar a que mantengan un estilo de vida activo y saludable, independientemente del entorno geográfico donde habiten y de su género. Abstract: The range of motion is important to perform properly in activities of daily living. However, this physical component can be negatively influenced by different aspects, such as lifestyle, aging and gender. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the level of range of motion among institutionalized and physically inactive older adults with physically active, in addition to know how gender can influence it. We compared groups of people older than 65 years, one group was physically active (GA) (n = 54) and the other group was institutionalized and physically inactive older people (GI) (n = 19); and we measured flexibility using the tests from the Senior Fitness Test battery. Our results showed a difference in the flexibility of the upper and lower body for the GA group (p < .001) compared with GI, showing also a gender difference depending on the measured area. We can conclude that it is crucial to include programs of physical exercise to the daily routine of the elderly, as well as to encourage maintaining an active and healthy lifestyle independent of the gender and the geographical environment where they live.
El objetivo de este estudio es conocer la influencia del empleo de las aletas, sobre el tiempo que los socorristas tardan en rescatar a una víctima con parada cardiorespiratoira del agua. Reducir el tiempo de este eslabón de la cadena de supervivencia, es fundamental para que se puedan iniciar lo antes posible las maniobras de Reanimación Cardiopulmonar (RCP). 45 aspirantes a socorrista de ambos sexos han realizado dos test de 50 metros de rescate a una víctima inconsciente (25 metros de nado de aproximación y 25 metros de arrastre de la víctima). El test 1 se hace sin aletas y el test 2 se hace con aletas. En el test 2, los socorristas inician la prueba sin tener las aletas colocadas. Los resultados de este estudio demuestran que en general, las aletas son adecuadas para todos los socorristas estudiados, pero son especialmente recomendables para aquellos socorristas, cuyo nivel de destreza en el agua es más bajo. Así, los sujetos que obtuvieron peores marcas en el test 1 (sin aletas), consiguen mejorar los resultados en el test 2 (con aletas) (p≤0,001). En cambio, los participantes que obtuvieron mejores marcas en el test 1 (sin aletas), no mejoraron significativamente el tiempo en el test 2 (con aletas) (p=0,896). En definitiva, se puede afirmar que las aletas mejoran las condiciones en las que el socorrista inicia las maniobras de RCP, ayudan a incrementar las probabilidades de supervivencia de las víctimas con parada cardiorespiratoria y mejoran la seguridad de los socorristas durante el rescate.Abstract. The aim of this study is to know how the use of fins influence on the lifeguard answer’s time to rescue victims with a cardiorespiratory arrest. It´s essential to star as soon as possible the Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) procedure to reduce that answer’s time. 45 candidates to lifeguard, of both sexs, have carried out 2 different rescue tests of unconscious victim to a distance of 50 meters (25 swimming approach meters and 25 meters carrying the victim). Test number 1 has been done without fins and test number 2 with fins. On test number 2, lifeguards started without their fins.The results of this study prove that as a rule the use of fins are suitable for all the lifeguards studied, but mainly for those lifeguards whose level is lower. So, those who obtain worse scores on test number 1 ( no fins ) achieve better scores on test number 2 ( fins ) ( p≤0,001 ) and those who obtain better scores on test number 1 don´t improve considerably their times on test number 2 (p=0,896). To sum up, we can say that the use of fins will improve the conditions in which the CPR procedure will be started by the lifeguard, helping to increase the survival options of the victims with a cardiorespiratory arrest and improving lifeguards security during the rescue.Keywords. .
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