12Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições desde que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado. Mudanças nas leis florestais e o impacto na restauração florestal e conectividade na paisagemForest Laws changes and the impact on forest restoration and landscape connectivity ABSTRACTIn degraded landscapes, ecological restoration is essential to increase landscape connectivity and provide ecosystem services. In Brazil, the main legal instrument for leveraging ecological restoration is the Forest Code, which was reviewed in 2012, reducing mandatory restoration of forest areas on rural properties. The objective of this study was to quantify areas to be converted to native forests and to evaluate functional connectivity by the simulation of two distinct . We calculated the areas to be restored and the forest cover percentage for the two scenarios. We also assessed the functional connectivity for both. All the analyses and data processing were made in ArcGIS geoprocessing software.

The recent change in Brazilian laws reduced the amount of area that is set aside for native vegetation restoration in rural private properties. However, we lack estimates of its impacts on the provisioning of key ecosystem services at local scales. Therefore, in a microwatershed in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest hot spot, we quantified the impact of the change from the Forest Code (1965) to the Native Vegetation Protection Law in Brazil (2012) on future native forest cover, biomass carbon stocks, and soil loss and sedimentation. We analyzed three scenarios: (a) the land use and cover as of 2016, (b) the Forest Code, 1965, and (c) the Native Vegetation Protection Law, 2012. In each scenario, we modeled soil loss and sedimentation (InVEST, Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) and calculated the carbon stocks. The 2012 law implementation would increase forest cover (15.6%), decrease soil sedimentation (1.12%) and loss (1.13%), and increase carbon stock (5.4%). However, compared to the Forest Code, it would reduce the area for restoration and the potential for native forest cover growth, increase soil loss and sedimentation potential, and limit increases in carbon stocks at the landscape level. In both restoration scenarios, the potential percent increase in forest cover in the microwatershed owing to the laws is higher than the percent decrease in soil loss and sedimentation. These findings have the potential to elucidate the effect of laws on ecosystem services and be useful to those planning the creation, modification, and implementation of laws for forest restoration in private properties.