Background Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is an opportunistic pathogen that mainly causes respiratory and urinary tract infections. The frequent occurrence of simultaneously virulent and multiple drug-resistant isolates led WHO to include this species in the list of top priorities for research and development of therapeutic alternatives. The comprehensive knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying KP virulence may lead to the proposal of more efficient and specific drugs. One of its virulence factors is the Type VI Secretion System (T6SS), which contributes to bacterial competition, cell invasion and in vivo colonisation. Despite the few studies showing the involvement of T6SS in KP pathogenesis, little is known concerning the regulation of its expression. The understanding of regulatory mechanisms may give more clues about the function of the system and the possibilities of future interference in this process. This work aimed to standardise the annotation of T6SS genes in KP strains and identify mechanisms of their transcriptional regulation through computational predictions. Results We analyzed the genomes of Kp52.145, HS11286 and NTUH-K2044 strains to perform a broad prediction and re-annotation of T6SS genes through similarity searches, comparative and linear discriminant analysis. 38 genes were found in Kp52.145, while 29 in HS11286 and 30 in NTUH-K2044. Genes coding for iron uptake systems are encoded in adjacencies of T6SS, suggesting that KP T6SS might also play a role in ion import. Some of the T6SS genes are comprised in syntenic regions. 17 sigma 70-dependent promoter regions were identified in Kp52.145, 12 in HS11286 and 12 in NTUH-K2044. Using VirtualFootprint algorithm, binding sites for 13 transcriptional regulators were found in Kp52.145 and 9 in HS11286 and 17 in NTUH-K2044. Six of them are common to the 3 strains: OxyR, H-NS, RcsAB, GcvA, Fis, and OmpR. Conclusions The data presented herein are derived from computational analysis. Although future experimental studies are required to confirm those predictions, they suggest that KP T6SS might be regulated in response to environmental signals that are indeed sensed by the bacteria inside the human host: temperature (H-NS), nutrition-limitation (GcvA and Fis), oxidative stress (OxyR) and osmolarity (RscAB and OmpR). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5885-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Resumo: As hortaliças constituem alimentos de grande importância na dieta diária devido ao teor de nutrientes necessário ao funcionamento adequado do organismo. O cultivo da alface vem sendo praticado na forma convencional e hidropônica, que apresentam diferentes características na produção. A alface é um dos alimentos de consumo cru com maior índice de contaminação e repercussão na saúde do homem, acarretando diarreia branda, desidratação, perda de peso e anemia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar se há diferença significativa, em termos de contaminação (parasitológica e microbiológica), nas amostras de alfaces provenientes de duas formas de cultivo: produção convencional e produção hidropônica, comercializados em supermercados na cidade de Teresina-PI. Quinze amostras de alfaces foram coletadas em quatro redes de supermercados de Teresina, sendo cinco alfaces convencionais crespas, cinco alfaces convencionais americanas e cinco alfaces hidropônicas americanas. Procedeu-se a identificação de coliformes totais e termotolerantes e posterior confirmação por meio das provas bioquímicas para a presença de Escherichia coli, Salmonellaspp. e protozoários. Neste estudo não foi evidenciado diferenças significativas de contaminação em relação aos tipos de cultivo de alface, entretanto verificou-se uma elevada incidência de contaminantes microbiológicos e parasitológicos nas alfaces, proveniente de três tipos de cultivo. Dos antibióticos testados, as cepas de Escherichia coli e salmonella mostraram-se resistentes à maioria dos antimicrobianos. Concluímos, portanto, que existe a necessidade do cumprimento da legislação vigente e a detecção das condições de risco à Saúde Pública em relação à cadeia de produção das hortaliças desde a produção até a venda. Palavras-chave:Lactuca sativa, Salmonella spp., coliformes, convencional, hidropônica Abstract: The vegetables are foods of great importance in the daily diet due to the nutrient content necessary for proper body functioning. The lettuce farming has been practiced in conventional and hydroponic ways, which have different characteristics in production. Lettuce is one of raw foods consumption with the highest contamination and impact on human health, causing mild diarrhea, dehydration, weight loss and anemia. The
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de sushis comercializados em Teresina-PI, retratando o perfil de sensibilidade aos antibióticos de espécies microbianas contaminantes presentes. Foram realizadas seis coletas em quatro restaurantes comercializadores de sushi. As amostras foram analisadas quanto aos parâmetros microbiológicos de coliformes a 35 ºC e 45 ºC, pesquisa de Salmonella spp. e de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, além da contagem de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas. Os microrganismos isolados foram submetidos ao antibiograma. A quantificação de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas variou entre 1x101 e 7x104. Para coliformes totais, os resultados se apresentaram entre 3,6 e 1,1x103 e para coliformes termotolerantes <3 e >1,1x103. Em 25% das amostras foi constatada a presença de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e em 100% a ausência de Salmonella spp. Quanto ao antibiograma 14 cepas (70%) apresentaram sensibilidade a ampicilina 10µg, 8 (40%) à oxacilina 1µg e todas as cepas testadas (100%) foram sensíveis a levofloxacino 5µg e sulfametoxazol 25µg; 8 cepas apresentaram resistência à múltiplos antibióticos. A presença de microrganismos potencialmente patogênicos nas amostras analisadas indica desvios nas Boas Práticas de Fabricação e sinalizam para a necessidade de educação e adequação dos estabelecimentos no que tange às condições higiênico-sanitárias visando a segurança e saúde do consumidor.
Being a handmade product, the rennet cheese is prepared following regional and family traditions. In some places, the milk is obtained under sanitary conditions disabled and therefore has a high number of micro-organisms such as Escherichia coli. This study aimed to verify the survival of E. coli in rennet cheese made from experimentally contaminated milk, after storage for 21 days under refrigeration, at 4.0°C. According to the proposed treatment, each liter of pasteurized milk used to prepare the rennet cheese was inoculated with 1.0 ml concentrations of 10 3 , 10 6 and 10 9 CFU/ml of E. coli ATCC 25922. After storage of rennet cheese for 21 days in refrigeration, it was observed that the pH varied with the concentration of E. coli present in the sample. A reduction of three log cycles E. coli stored in the cheese was observed as compared to initial concentration added to the milk. The need to maintain the cold chain was emphasized during their storage, because if there is E. coli in low counts, they can remain viable in the cheese made from contaminated milk.
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