RESUMO -A pesquisa foi regularizada com o objetivo de estudar a influência do teor de água da semente e da temperatura de armazenamento sobre a conservação das sementes de Magnolia ovata (Magnoliaceae), uma árvore nativa brasileira. Para tanto, sementes recém colhidas com 23,5% de água foram submetidas à secagem para a obtenção de sementes com os teores de água de 17,4%, 10,9% e 7,1%. Em seguida, as sementes foram acondicionadas em sacos de polietileno e armazenadas a 15ºC e a 20ºC. As sementes foram armazenadas por 180 dias e avaliadas mensalmente quanto ao teor de água, à emergência, ao índice e à velocidade de emergência da plântula e ao comprimento e à massa da matéria seca da plântula. A conservação das sementes de Magnolia ovata é favorecida pela secagem das sementes; as condições favoráveis para a conservação são sementes com 10,9% de água e 15°C ou 20°C de temperatura do ambiente de armazenamento.Termos para indexação: pinha-do-brejo, armazenamento de sementes, semente recalcitrante, semente intermediária, sementes florestais. Magnolia ovata St. Hil. SEED CONSERVATIONABSTRACT -The research aimed to study the influence of the seed moisture content and storage temperature on Magnolia ovata (Magnoliaceae) seed conservation, a native Brazilian tree. Thus, recently harvested seeds with moisture content of 23.5% were dried to obtain seed lots with moisture content of 17.4 %, 10.9% and 7.1%. Then, seeds were placed in polyethylene bags and stored at 15°C and 20°C. Seeds were stored for 180 days, and were evaluated monthly for moisture content, seedling emergence, emergence index, speed of seedling emergence, seedling length and seedling dry mass. The physiological potential of M. ovata seeds was favored by drying seeds; seed conservation was favored by seed with 10.9% moisture content and 15°C or 20°C storage temperature. (Brasil, 2000). Para algumas espécies vegetais, a conservação ex situ pode ser efetuada por meio do armazenamento das sementes (FAO, 1993), que é considerado uma forma de conservação econômica e segura para muitas espécies (Slageren, 2003).De acordo com Roberts (1973), as sementes são classificadas quanto à conservação em ortodoxas e recalcitrantes. As sementes ortodoxas são as que se conservam quando mantidas com teor de água baixo e em ambiente com temperatura baixa. Por sua vez, as sementes recalcitrantes são sensíveis à dessecação e à baixa temperatura do ambiente de armazenamento. Ellis et al. (1990) propuseram uma classificação intermediária entre as sementes com comportamento ortodoxo e recalcitrante, criando a categoria das sementes intermediárias. Nesse caso, as sementes conservam-se com teores de água entre 10% e 12% e não sobrevivem em temperaturas baixas de armazenamento e durante período de tempo prolongado (Hong e Ellis, 1996).A conservação de sementes recalcitrantes depende da manutenção da água, em níveis elevados e constantes, durante o armazenamento (King e Roberts, 1979). Com isso, para a escolha da embalagem devem ser consideradas as condições envolvidas no estabelecimento...
Seeds of several weed species have distinct development when germinating under different conditions of temperature, promoting variation on the management system. Thus, this work was carried out with the objective of evaluating the influence of temperature on the germination of five weed species of Convolvulaceae family, commonly known as morning glory. The work was performed in termogradient table and constituted by five independent experiments, divided by species, in a factorial combination of nine treatments (temperatures) and two seed dormancy breaking conditions (with or without acid scarification). The weed species were: Ipomoea triloba, I. hederifolia, I. quamoclit, I. nil and Merremia cissoides. Nine temperature intervals between 15 and 35ºC were evaluated, under 8 hours of daily photoperiod. Experimental design adopted was totally randomized with four replicates. Percentage of germination was evaluated daily; the speed of germination index was calculated for the species. Generally, it was evident that temperatures lower than 17,2 ºC reduced significantly germination of all species, inhibiting germination of I. quamoclit. Species demonstrated capacity of germinating on temperatures from 20ºC to 35ºC. Acid scarification of seeds with sulfuric acid was able of increasing significantly the percentage of seed germination.
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