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A statistical model has been derived which can be used either to test the interpretation of a given magnetic stratigraphy or to make time estimates from the paleomagnetic data. The model is based on the presently accepted statistical properties of the earth's magnetic field and the stochastic nature of the paleomagnetic sampling process. Given knowledge of the number of paleomagnetic sites, the distribution of the sites, an estimate of the geologic time span sampled, and the mean length of the magnetic polarity zones, the expected success of the sampling program can be calculated and compared with its actual performance. In a number of test cases the theoretical results have agreed with realized results. The mean time span for polarity intervals in the late Neogene has been established from existing data at 120,000 years. Once the mean time span for polarity intervals has been established, estimates for stratigraphic time span can be made by means of the statistical model. Of three models studied, a time uniform sampling program is the most efficient for establishing a local magnetic polarity stratigraphy; the least efficient strategy is an exponential distribution of samples.

benty-first century organizations will require designs that enable them to cope with turbulent environments. Organizations have experimented with lateral organizational designs for this purpose, but research evidence concerning these forms is sparse. We analyzed data obtained from 512 employees within eight diverse organizations implementing flexible lateral organizations. Using a sequence comparison methodology, we were able to identify and categorize the major costs, benefits, and enablers associated with implementing these forms of complex organizations. Propositions for effectively managing lateral relations were tested and managerial implications were explored.