Objective Endovascular treatment through either percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) alone or stenting has been previously used as a treatment for transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS). This review aimed to investigate the results of endovascular treatment for renal artery stenosis in transplanted kidneys as compared with the outcomes of interventions, medical management, and graft survival in non-TRAS patients. Methods A systematic review of PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and Scopus was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines in which studies that reported outcomes of the treatment of TRAS via the endoluminal approach were identified, and their results were meta-analyzed. Results Fifty-four studies with a total of 1522 patients were included. A significant reduction of serum creatinine level was found, favoring the stenting group, with a mean difference of 0.68 mg/dL (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.17–1.19; Z=2.60, p=0.0009). Comparison of pre- and post-intervention values of any intervention revealed a significant decrease in overall serum creatinine level (0.65 mg/dL; 95% CI, 0.40–0.90; Z=5.09, p=0.00001), overall blood pressure, with a mean difference of 11.12 mmHg (95% CI, 7.29–14.95; Z=5.59, p=0.00001), mean difference in the use of medications (0.77; 95% CI, 0.29–1.24; p=0.002), and peak systolic velocity (190.05; 95% CI, 128.41–251.69; p<0.00001). The comparison of serum creatinine level between endovascular interventions and best medical therapy favored endovascular intervention, with a mean difference of 0.23 mg/dL (95% CI, 0.14–0.32; Z=5.07, p<0.00001). Graft survival was similar between the treated patients and those without TRAS (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.75–1.28; p=0.091). The overall pooled success rate was 89%, and the overall complication rate was 10.4%, with the most prevalent complication being arterial dissection. Conclusion The endovascular treatment of TRAS improves graft preservation and renal function and hemodynamic parameters. PTA + stenting appears to be a more effective option to PTA alone in the stabilization of renal function, with additional benefits from decreased restenosis rates. Further high-quality studies could expand on these findings.

Graphene oxide was synthesized by a one-step environmentally friendly mechanochemistry process directly from graphite and characterized by Raman, FT-IR and UV/vis spectroscopies, Atomic Force Microscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and Thermogravimetric Analysis. Spectroscopic analysis shows that the functional groups and oxygen content of the synthesized material are comparable with those of graphene oxide synthesized by other previously reported methods (Hummers). Thermogravimetric analysis reveals thermal stability up to 400 &deg;C.

One of the greatest challenges for global managers in the 21st century will be how to develop multinational workforces with employees from cultures with different values, business practices, negotiating styles, concepts of time and methods of communication. Good multinational workforces don't just happen, they have to be developed. When teams do not have a system for working out their cultural differences, tensions will escalate in the workplace and members can be expected to be more stressed, less productive and more vulnerable to health and family problems. In this paper, we are recommending a comprehensive model for building multinational teams. Through this model, team members gain an understanding and respect for each others values, intentions and perceptions. They create ways of working together which value those differences and incorporate the best of each culture. Cultural conflicts are usually seen as "the problem" and the obstacle to effective teams. This model makes cultural differences the foundation for a solution. There are 3 phases in this model:Education: Before two or more cultures begin working with each other, they start learning about one another. Expatriates and the local employees have opportunities for cross-cultural information and education prior to the assignment or start up of the operation.Team Building: Teams have a process for resolving cultural issues and conflicts as they arise. In developing an acceptable work plan, they create a "third culture", which is a blend of their cultures.Family Support: There are support systems for expatriate families to help them integrate into the local community. Counselors provide cross-cultural educational groups and mentor the families with skills to successfully adapt to their new environment. To be successful in the global market, technical expertise is no longer enough. Those companies which are successful in developing trust and strong working relationships with their partners will have the competitive edge. A relatively small investment in education, team building and family support has the potential for a high return on investment.

TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractOne of the greatest challenges for global managers in the 21st century will be how to develop multinational workforces with employees from cultures with different values, business practices, negotiating styles, concepts of time and methods of communication. Good multinational workforces don't just happen, they have to be developed. When teams do not have a system for working out their cultural differences, tensions will escalate in the workplace and members can be expected to be more stressed, less productive and more vulnerable to health and family problems.

The problems that arise in society, in relation to health affect workers to some extent, this is the case of the COVID -19 pandemic, which has somehow affected organizations in general, such as: in their profits, in the reduction of personnel, in adapting new forms of work if required, and in activating health protocols to avoid the spread of it in its workers, this health situation that is present worldwide has had a great impact on people from the psychological aspect, it is for this the interest to carry out this research, with the purpose of knowing the perception of the workers of different organizations in this pandemic situation, that is to say, how it has affected them in relation to stress and therefore their general health, the instruments applied were: Perceived Stress Scale (10 items) and the Golberg General Health Questionnaire. The results of this work gave us a Coronbach alpha of α = .85 of reliability which indicates that this study is reliable, likewise 60% of the population report that they have felt stress due to COVID-19, as well as 42% of the population state that they have perceived factors or symptoms that affect their mental health to some degree.