Urbanization of the countryside affects rural areas, especially in the immediate surroundings of large cities. Normally, this occurs as an unpromoted process, but in Chile, it is driven by the legal framework. This research focuses on rural residential plots (RRPs) around the capital city, Santiago. The analysis seeks to understand the significance and consequences of RRPs during the last four decades and the role of a favorable legal framework in affecting their development. By examining data and official cartography on rural residential plots, the analysis shows a large phenomenon of rapid RRP development in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago de Chile (MR). The study confirms the existence of an ongoing process that is still partially latent and potentially both uncontrolled and evolving. This work demonstrates the negative effect that land liberalization policies can have by promoting territorial transformations that policymakers cannot subsequently control. The conclusions provide a critical perspective on the counter-urbanization process in the context of fragility and scarce resources.
La proliferación de viviendas en el suelo rústico ha tenido un fuerte impacto sobre el territorio, especialmente agudo durante las últimas dos décadas. Mediante el estudio de casos en dos regiones españolas (Cantabria y Extremadura) revelamos las diferentes particularidades que muestra este fenómeno, contrastando las dispares maneras de afrontarlo. Las tendencias compartidas hacia la desregulación de esta clase de suelo quedan evidenciadas en el estudio realizado sobre las modificaciones legislativas de corte "flexibilizador" y los procesos de legalización en ambas Comunidades Autónomas. Por último, aportamos ideas encaminadas a resolver el problema, entre las que destacan la redistribución de las competencias en materia de urbanismo. La prolongada inacción de los gobiernos para mantener la disciplina urbanística ha posibilitado las agresiones al territorio del que deberían ser custodios, por lo que es acuciante la confrontación del hecho y sus consecuencias para evitar que aumente su magnitud y complejidad.
Este trabajo se publica bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional. Para citar este artículo: RESUMENEl número de viviendas usadas en poder de los bancos ha aumentado de forma notable en los últi-mos diez años como consecuencia de la crisis económica e hipotecaria. El considerable incremento del paquete de activos tóxicos inmobiliarios (más del 36% entre el año 2012 y 2015) procede, en buena medida, de los impagos a la banca por parte de las familias. La ciudad de Madrid es una de las poblaciones más afectadas por este fenómeno, en la que se acumulan los desahucios día tras día. El presente estudio cuantifica y analiza, a través de la información que facilitan las inmobiliarias de las cinco principales entidades bancarias del país, esta bolsa de viviendas de segunda mano en la capital española. La localización de las mismas dentro del núcleo urbano permite conocer el grado de afectación por distritos. Por otro lado, nos hemos servido de la base de datos socioeconómicos de la Administración Local para determinar la incidencia social del posicionamiento de la banca privada. El análisis espacial a través de Sistemas de Información Geográfica ha revelado comportamientos anómalos de la banca en relación al mercado de compra-venta de viviendas usadas en la ciudad de Madrid.Palabras clave: Activos tóxicos inmobiliarios; Crisis económica; Desahucios; Entidades bancarias; SIG; Vivienda usada; Madrid. ABSTRACT Private banking and second-hand housing in the city of MadridThe number of second-hand homes held by banks has increased significantly in the last ten years as a result of the economic and mortgage crisis. The considerable increase in the toxic real estate assets package (more than 36% between 2012 and 2015) comes largely from banking defaults by families. The city of Madrid is one of the municipalities most affected by this phenomenon, in which evictions accumulate day after day. This study quantifies and analyses, through the information provided by the real estate departments of the top five banks in the country, this housing pool of second-hand homes in the Spanish capital. Their location within the city allows a knowledge of the degree of affectation by districts. Furthermore, we used the Local Administration' s socio-economic database to determine the social impact of the positioning of private banking. The maps produced by means of Geographic Information Systems have revealed anomalous behaviour of banks in relation to the second-hand housing market in the city of Madrid.
RESUMENLa mayoría de las legislaciones urbanísticas españolas considera los Proyectos de Interés Regional (PIR) como instrumentos de ordenación territorial, a caballo entre ésta y la ordenación urbanística encomendada a los planes generales, de competencia municipal. Amparándose en este carácter transfronterizo, la Administración regional extremeña ha utilizado los PIR como instrumento urbanístico para la promoción de su política pública de vivienda, a contrapelo de las competencias municipales en materia de planeamiento urbanístico y con intervenciones sin anestesia sobre el suelo no urbanizable.Palabras clave: Proyectos de Interés Regional, planificación territorial, vivienda, ordenación urbana, Extremadura. ABSTRACTMost Spanish legislation considers urban Projects of Regional Interest as instruments of territorial management, halfway between it and the urban planning entrusted to the general plans of municipal jurisdiction. Relying on this cross-border character, the Government of Extremadura has used the PIR as planning instrument for the promotion of its public housing policy, against the municipal responsibility for urban planning and doing insensitive interventions on undeveloped land.
The illegal urbanization of rural areas near cities has unveiled failures in urban management. In many cases, urban policies have ignored this fact until the spaces have consolidated. This is the example of the Sierra de Santa Bárbara (Plasencia, Spain), where legalization becomes one of the most feasible solutions. The present work analyses its residential evolution during the last four decades through historical orthophotos review. Along with this, it evaluates public–private conflicts (homeowners vs municipal government) using regional newspaper archives. The results indicate that the strategy of ignoring illegal development increases these problems, leading to legalization as the only possible urban policy. In conclusion, the administration’s response is delayed and forced by critical consequences, which prevents learning in urban policies and new solutions that join legality and sustainability.
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