No abstract

The paper considers the impact of urbanized areas on the state of water bodies. The impact of various types of anthropogenic activities on water bodies located in cities was shown. In towns, there is worse water resource management than in large cities and the necessity of conducting more detailed research. Using the method of direct conductometry, a spatio-temporal study of the ecological state of water bodies located within the detached objects of the urbanized territory of the Ukraine was carried out using the example of Popasna town. It was shown that fluctuations in the electrical conductivity of these bodies are mainly due to the influence of surface runoff. It was found that in all studied ponds there was a significant drop in the electrical conductivity of water in March 2021, followed by an increase and stabilization in April and May 2021, the characteristic values of electrical conductivity range from 200 to 2900 μS, the relative standard deviation did not exceed 1.5%. The necessity of conducting further, more detailed study of the features of the influence of surface runoff on the water condition in the studied ponds was shown for the purpose of rational management of these water bodies.

The state of the water bodies located within the city has been analyzed in the paper. The factors influencing the physicochemical and microbiological composition of the urban surface water bodies have been considered. An experimental study of the state of the surface water bodies located within the large industrialized city of Kharkiv (Ukraine) has been carried out. The water of five reservoirs located within the city (Lake Komsomolskoe, Lake Ocheret, Pavlovskiy reservoir, Pond No. 1 in the gorge Hlybokiy Yar, Petrenkiv reservoir) and two reservoirs located outside the city (Lake Glubokoe No. 1 and Lake Glubokoe No. 2) have been analysed in terms of conductivity and mineralization. It has been found that for the urban water bodies, these parameters, in general, have higher values compared to the water bodies located in the recreational zone outside the city. The water of Petrenkiv reservoir and Lake Komsomolskoe is characterized by the highest values of conductivity and mineralization, while Lake Komsomolskoe and Pavlovskiy reservoir, due to the supply peculiarities, are most vulnerable to the influence of the external factors. The average values of conductivity for the studied reservoirs of Kharkiv are 590-910 µS/cm, for Lakes Glubokoe No. 1 and Glubokoe No. 2 they are equal to 500 μS/cm. The typical average mineralization values for the studied urban reservoirs are 400-670 mg/l, and for Lakes Glubokoe No. 1 and Glubokoe No. 2 are 345 mg/l. The error of values in all cases does not exceed 2%.

The paper provides a review of up-to-date approaches for extinguishing oil and petroleum products. The variability of extinguishing methods and fire extinguishing agents is noted. Fire extinguishing agents used in extinguishing petroleum products are considered in more detailed way, and their environmental characteristics are discussed. The ambiguity of using various foams for extinguishing the fire is shown. A new method for extinguishing oil and petroleum products, based on the acoustic effect, and the capabilities of acoustic fire extinguishers for preventing and eliminating the combustible hydrocarbon fires, and their identification are analyzed. The further development of known approaches and the simultaneous emergence of innovative methods for extinguishing oil and petroleum products are shown. Keywords: oil; petroleum products; extinguishing agent; environmental characteristics; extinguishing foam; acoustic method.

Impact on the aquatic medium of the number of inorganic additives that are part of the foaming agents for firefighting is investigated in paper. The influence of the most widespread inorganic components on aquatic organisms was analyzed. Significant variability of data was noted. It is proved that the magnesium and sodium chlorides are the safest for the environment and the most dangerous ones are aluminum compounds and sulfamic acid. Inorganic additives based on aluminum, sulfamic acid, and sodium bicarbonate are the most dangerous for aquatic living organisms, in the short and long term, and the safest compounds are magnesium and sodium chlorides.