El objetivo de esta investigación fue explorar las evidencias de validez de estructura interna y convergente, así como la confiabilidad de la escala Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R) en estudiantes universitarios peruanos. Para ello, se realizó de manera secuencial del análisis factorial exploratorio y del análisis factorial confirmatorio en dos subgrupos aleatoriamente determinados (n = 289, n = 301). El análisis paralelo de Horn y los resultados del análisis factorial exploratorio realizado con el primer subgrupo encontró una estructura de tres factores reproduciendo las dimensiones de ansiedad y evitación medida de manera directa y de manera inversa. El análisis factorial confirmatorio realizado con el segundo subgrupo confirmó la existencia de un modelo de tres factores con índices de ajuste aceptables. Cada una de las dimensiones demostró consistencia interna adecuada de acuerdo con el alfa de Cronbach. Los resultados apoyan parcialmente la validez convergente del ECR-R con el Relationship Questionnaire. Al final de los análisis realizados, se presenta una versión de 27 ítems con evidencias aceptables de validez de estructura interna y convergente.

BACKGROUND: The Coronavirus pandemic has disrupted health systems across the world and led to major shifts in individual behavior by forcing people into isolation in home settings. Its rapid spread has overwhelmed populations in all corners of Latin-American countries resulting in individual psychological reactions that may aggravate the health crisis. OBJECTIVE: This study reports on demographics, self-reported psychological disturbance and associated coping styles during the COVID-19 pandemic for the Peruvian population. METHODS: This cross-sectional study uses an online survey with snowball sampling that was conducted after the state of emergency was declared in Perú (on April 2nd). The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used to identify somatic symptoms, incidence of anxiety/ insomnia, social dysfunction and depression and the Coping Strategy Questionnaire (COPE-28) mapped personal strategies to address recent stress. RESULTS: 434 self-selected participants ranging in age from 18 to 68 years old (ME =33.87) completed the survey. The majority of participants were women (61.3%), aged between 18 and 28 (41.7%), well-educated (>=85.0 %), Peruvian (94.2%), employed (57.4%) and single (71.20 %). 40.8% reported psychological problems, expressing fear of coronavirus infection (71.43%). Regression analysis shows that women developed more somatic symptoms (p<0.001*, C.I: -2.75 to -.99) and greater anxiety/insomnia (p=0.00*, C.I: -2.98 to 0.84) than men. Depression and social dysfunction were equally likely at any age. Educational status was protective against developing psychological disorders (p<0.05). While active responses (acceptance and social support) are scarcely used by individuals with psychological problems; passive strategies (such as denial, self-distraction, self-blame, disconnection, and emotional discharge) are more commonly reported.CONCLUSION: This study provides a better understanding of psychological disorders occurring during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Peruvian population. About half of the respondents reported psychological disturbance and poor coping responses. This evidence informs the need for broader promotional health policies focused on strengthening individual’s active strategies to improve mental health, especially in underprivileged groups during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Esta pesquisa objetiva identificar tracos de personalidade de marca de cursos de psicologia de universidades com características regionais peculiares em cidades do Brasil, Chile e Peru. Os dados gerados por meio de survey com 609 estudantes foram submetidos à análise fatorial exploratória e, posteriormente, à análise fatorial confirmatória. Os resultados mostram que a estrutura da personalidade de marca possui 3 dimensões, compostas por 13 tracos de personalidade, que se denominaram de competência, excitacão e elitismo, com coeficientes de confiabilidade aceitáveis. Ademais, é possível observar que a personalidade da marca tem identificacão adequada às características específicas de cada região, tais como atributos culturais, paisagem e clima.

BACKGROUND: The Coronavirus pandemic has disrupted health systems across the world and led to major shifts in individual behavior by forcing people into isolation in home settings. Its rapid spread has overwhelmed populations in all corners of Latin-American countries resulting in individual psychological reactions that may aggravate the health crisis. OBJECTIVE: this study reports on demographics, self-reported psychological morbidities and associated coping styles during the COVID-19 pandemic for the Peruvian population. Methods: This cross-sectional study uses an online survey with snowball sampling that was conducted after the state of emergency was declared in Perú (on April 2nd). The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ -28) was used to identify somatic symptoms, incidence of anxiety/ insomnia, social dysfunction and depression and the Coping Strategy Questionnaire (COPE-28) mapped personal strategies to address recent stress. RESULTS: 434 self-selected participants ranging in age from 18 to 68 years old (ME =33.87) completed the survey. The majority of participants were women (61.3%), aged between 18 and 28 (41.7%), well-educated (>=85.0 %), Peruvian (94.2%), employed (57.4%) and single (71.20 %). 40.8% reported psychological problems, expressing fear of coronavirus infection (71.43%). Regression analysis shows that women developed more somatic symptoms (p<0.001*, C.I: -2.75 to -.99) and greater anxiety/insomnia (p=0.00*, C.I: -2.98 to 0.84) than men. Depression and social dysfunction were equally likely at any age. Educational status was protective against developing psychological disorders (p<0.05). While active responses (acceptance and social support) are scarcely used by individuals with psychological problems; passive strategies (such as denial, self-distraction, self-blame, disconnection, and emotional discharge) are more commonly reported.CONCLUSION: This study provides a better understanding of psychological disorders occurring during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Peruvian population. About half of the respondents reported psychological morbidity and poor coping responses. This evidence informs the need for broader promotional health policies focused on strengthening individual’s active strategies to improve mental health, especially in underprivileged groups during and after the Covid-19 pandemic.