The presence of HIV symptoms alone does not cause HIV-positive patients to be dependent on alcohol; rather, irrational beliefs about the infection may contribute to unhealthy feelings and abuse of alcohol. Rational emotive health therapy is an effective approach that can be employed by therapists and health counselors in helping HIV-positive patients to think rationally about themselves and work to be able to overcome HIV-related, as well as alcohol-related, irrational beliefs.

The quota system and the catchment areas are federal government policies formulated to bridge the gap between the educationally developed states and the educationally less developed states. Sequel to the enactment of these policies, government established several universities across the country to create equal opportunity for all candidates. In spite of the astronomical growth of the universities in Nigeria, both the federal and the state governments have not been able to contend with the surging demand for the university education, hence the adoption of the quota system and catchment area policies. Serious concerns were expressed by relevant stakeholders on their perceived impact of the quota system and the catchment area on admissions into the federal and state universities in North Central Nigeria. This study therefore examined the impact of the quota system and catchment area policies on students' admissions in North Central Nigeria. A research question and a null hypothesis guided the study. Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The population for the study was 14,347 staff in the federal and state universities in North Central Nigeria. A sample of 1,435 was drawn through stratified proportionate sampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaire and interviews. Mean scores and standard deviations were used to answer the research question, whereas t-test statistics were used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the results showed, among others, that the impact of the quota system and catchment area policies on students' admission was to a high extent.

The study explored effects of systematic desensitization on examination phobia of computer engineering students. Two research questions and one hypothesis guided the study. True experimental research design was adopted for the study. Voluntary sampling technique was used to compose a sample of 60 students used for the study. The instruments for data collection were Student Examination Phobic Traits Identification Questionnaire (SEPTIQ) and Examination Phobia Manifestation Scale (EPMS)developed by the researcher. The data collected for research were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation while the hypothesis raised in the study was tested at P < 0.05 level of significance using ANCOVA. Results showed that computer engineering students exposed to treatments using systematic desensitization had significant reduction on their examination phobia manifestation than those not exposed. In addition, gender was not found to be a significant factor influencing the manifestation of examination phobia. Based on the the findings, discussion was made. The educational counselling implications of the findings were highlighted. Subsequently, conclusion and recommendation were proffered.

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