This paper presents the design of an 8-element linear array for Adaptive Antenna applications using the Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm towards improving the directive gain, beam steering capabilities, half-power beam-width, side-lobe level, and bandwidth of array. A conventional patch antenna is optimized to operate at 3.6 GHz (5G applications) with two symmetrical slots and Quarter Wave Transformer for feeding, and this design is extended up to 8 elements using CST Microwave Studio parameterization. The Return Loss (S 11), Directivity, HPBW, and VSWR of the antenna array are observed for the 2, 4, and 8 elements adaptive arrays. The inter-element spacing for resulting eight-element antenna array geometry is optimized to obtain maximum directive gain. This geometry appears promising in improving the directive gain from 7.6 dBi to 15.1 dBi for a single element to eight elements, respectively. Further, the LMS algorithm is used to compute the optimal complex weights, considering different angles for the desired User (+45 • and −45 •) and Interferer (+20 • and −20 •) during MATLAB simulation, and then these optimal weights are fed to antenna elements using CST for beam steering in a different direction. Maxima in the direction of user and nulls in the direction of interferer are obtained using CST software and found closely matching with MATLAB results.

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The proposed research work presents a design of dual-band, 4-element, planer beam-steering antenna array with feed network. The proposed design is carried out with two different schemes for 5G (Lower Band) applications. A design procedure is derived in detail, and a prototype, including the array and a planar feeding network, is built and tested for the second scheme. The array is capable of generating number of beams in different directions based on the ON/OFF state of PIN diodes (MA4SPS402) used in Switched Line Phase Shifters (SLPS). But it is tested for 22 combinations of the SLPSs. The scanning range covered by this array is -45o to + 45o. To cover the entire 360o range, four such array prototypes are sufficient. Inter-element spacing is optimized with D1 = 86mm and D2 = 40mm to achieve maximum directive gain, which is 14.4dBi at 3.6GHz and 11.7dBi at 2.4GHz. Return Loss obtained is -24.89dB at 3.6GHz and − 13.79dB at 2.4GHz. In order to operate the array in two bands, the Slot antenna is designed using Quarter Wave Transformer (QWT) with directive gain of 7.6dBi and 7.39dBi at 3.6 and 2.4GHz respectively. For Designing of feed network, Wilkinson Power Dividers and Switched Line Phase Shifters are used. When the frequency of the excitation signal is 3.6GHz, the direction of maxima is positive and when it is 2.4GHz, the direction of maxima is negative for the E-Plane. Beam switching, based on the phase shift applied to array elements, will be in the H-Plane for both frequency regions.