Tauco is a fermented soybean paste like miso but typical from Indonesia, commonly used as umami seasoning. This study objective was to evaluate the nutritional composition of diverse tauco products found in Indonesia and to determine a potential tauco product characterized by certain amino acids related to umami peptides (Asp, Glu, Gly, Ser, Thr, Val). Proximate composition, NaCl salt, total sugars, total acids, and total amino acid profiles of 24 tauco products, collected from 24 producers in 7 provinces in Indonesia, were analyzed. The proximate composition mapped tauco into solid (containing 29.2–35.3% moisture on wet weight basis or ww), semisolid (42.2–54.5% ww moisture), and liquid (56.2–68.1% ww moisture). Solid tauco composed of 54.7–65.2% carbohydrates, 10.0–22.8% ashes, 7.13–16.9% NaCl salt, 9.72–11.9% crude proteins, 11.9–27.0% total sugars, 6.98–23.4% crude fats, 1.24–2.18% total acids, and 11.4–17.5% total amino acids on dry weight basis (dw). In contrast, liquid tauco consisted of 8.47–56.5% dw carbohydrates, 17.1–73.8% dw ashes, 10.7–68.4% dw NaCl, 20.4–30.9% dw crude proteins, 4.45–29.9.5% dw total sugars, 1.30–18.9% dw crude fats, 1.65–5.36% dw total acids, and 14.1–24.6% dw total amino acids. All tauco had a slight acidic pH, ranged from 4.38 to 5.91. Glu and Asp were the dominant amino acids of tauco, comprising 25–40% of total amino acids. Mapping of total amino acid profile mentioned a tauco product, characterized by the highest concentration of amino acids related to umami peptides. This finding leads to the exploration of umami peptides to reveal the science behind its traditional use as umami seasoning.

Mengetahui keaslian dan kehalalan produk daging menjadi hal yang penting saat ini, terutama bagi umat islam yang memiliki aturan ketat dalam mengkonsumsi daging. Salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan dalam menentukan status keaslian dan kehalalan daging adalah dengan melakukan autentikasi. Hingga hari ini, penelitian tentang autentikasi kehalalan daging telah banyak dilakukan dan berbagai macam pendekatan telah banyak dikembangkan. Salah satu pendekatan yang saat ini sedang berkembang adalah pendekatan proteomik berbasis liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Proteomik adalah salah satu metode alternatif yang dapat digunakan dalam autentikasi kehalalan daging dengan mencari biomarker peptida pada daging, dimana peptida dapat bertahan melalui berbagai macam pemrosesan makanan. Metode yang digunakan dalam literature review ini adalah dengan menggunakan 26 artikel yang didapatkan dari Pubmed, Science Direct, Proquest, Wiley, dan Google Scholar dengan menggunakan kata kunci seperti halal authentication OR meat authentication, LC-MS, Proteomics, AND Chemometrics. Pada artikel ini dilakukan literature review untuk membahas prosedur autentikasi kehalalan daging dengan menggunakan LC-MS, aplikasi proteomik dalam autentikasi kehalalan daging, serta kemometri yang merupakan teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam pengolahan data proteomik. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, pendekatan proteomik di dalam autentikasi kehalalan pada daging memiliki sensitivitas yang baik pada daging yang belum dan sudah mengalami proses pengolahan makanan. Selain itu, penggabungan metode proteomik dengan analisis kemometrik juga dapat memberikan sensitivitas yang lebih baik lagi dalam melakukan autentikasi kehalalan terhadap daging Kata kunci: autentikasi halal, proteomik, LC-MS, identifikasi berbasis protein

Background: Utilizing the bioactive compounds found in pigmented rice might significantly reduce the risk of breast cancer. This study aims to systematically review existing literature on the benefit of Asian pigmented rice bioactive compounds and their implication in breast cancer. Methods: Searches of the literature were conducted in two databases (Scopus and PubMed) for a systematic review. The keywords resulted in a total of 407 articles, consisting of 103 PubMed and 304 Scopus articles. 32 manuscripts were excluded because the article was over 10 years old. After excluding book chapters and non-English languages, we had 278 potential articles to be reviewed. After checking and screening the title and abstract and eliminating duplicate articles, then 66 articles were obtained. After the selection and elimination of the full-text manuscripts, finally 10 of them which met the inclusion criteria. Result: The included studies in this review were entirely based in Asia. The year of publication ranged from 2013 to 2020. Half of included studies used black rice extract, two used red jasmine rice extracts, and three used Korean rice extracts (black, red, dark purple and brown rice). All studies were conducted in vitro and three studies were compared with in vivo tests on female mice. The pigmented rice is mainly black, red, and dark purple rice, and contains a variety of peonidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, γ-oryzanol, γ-tocotrienol, proanthocyanidin, cinnamic acid, and anthocyanins that may act as  pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative, and anti-metastasis of the breast cancer cells. Conclusion: Pigmented  rice  is a beneficial  food  which possessed bioactive  compounds  that may have significant potential concerning a breast cancer.