Every year, over 400 million MT of plastic are produced around the world, majority of which aren’t managed properly, leading to immeasurable damage to the environment. Only 14-18% as a global average of plastic waste is recycled with only few companies take part in the plastic recycling process. The main goal of the study was to analyse the energy demand and provide a feasible technical solution to conserve energy and reduce the plant's operating costs. A plastic waste recycling station, Amazia Vision Enterprise Private Limited, Satara, India, was purposively chosen to conduct an extensive evaluation of energy requirements. An energy analysis was performed on the process to determine the potential for energy savings and cost reductions. It also aims to reduce the amount of energy used at each stage of the process. Theoretical solutions to conserve energy, reduce waste generation, and thus lower operating costs have been proposed. According to the analysis and subsequent evaluation, the energy requirement can be reduced to 8% of the initial value. A technical solution for recycling of plastics has been proposed which can be implemented to test the feasibility interms of both technical and economical parameters. An energy conservation analysis of a plant has been presented in this paper which will provide a road-map to conserve ever increasing energy consumption and drive more investors in the plastic recycling sector for best plastic waste management practices.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XPG) is a known clinical entity; however, the further progression of this inflammatory pathology to adjacent organs, including the ureter, bladder and urethra, is extremely rare. Xanthogranulomatous inflammation of the ureter is a chronic inflammatory state where foamy macrophages are seen in the lamina propria along with multinucleated giant cells and lymphocytes forming a granulomatous inflammation, which is benign. Based on its appearance on computed tomography (CT) scan images, it can easily be misidentified as a malignant mass, and the patient can be subjected to surgery that can lead to complications. Here we present a case of an elderly male with a known case of chronic kidney disease with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus who presented with fever and dysuria. Upon further radiological investigations, the patient had underlying sepsis and was seen to have a mass involving the right ureter and inferior vena cava. Upon biopsy and histopathology, he was diagnosed with xanthogranulomatous ureteritis (XGU). The patient underwent further treatment and was followed up.

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Background: Genomic profiling has revolutionized precision oncology impacting the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy decisions. Considering high spatiotemporal diversity and heterogenicity of breast tumor-cell genomes, small-gene panels often fail to capture rare but important genomic alterations. Conversely, comprehensive ctDNA sequencing approaches enable the identification of under characterized ‘long tailed driver’ genomic alterations and capture Intra and inter metastatic heterogeneity. Here, we demonstrate the clinical utility of comprehensive genome profiling with higher sensitivity to predict the possibility of metastasis in early-stage breast cancer patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed ctDNA and genomic DNA (gDNA) from FFPE samples as well as circulating tumor cells (CTC) in 10 treatment-naive hormone positive and HER2 negative, primary-stage breast cancer patients [GS1] using the OncoIndx comprehensive 600 gene panel. The panel captures all important cancer-relevant genomic alterations including Tumor Mutation Burden (TMB), Micro Satellite Instability (MSI), homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) prediction, and cfDNA tumor fraction (TF). CTCs were enumerated from 1.5 ml of blood using the OncoDiscover platform approved by the Drug Controller General of India having anti-EpCAM antibody-mediated immunomagnetic nanoparticles. CTCs were confirmed for cytokeratin 18+ and DAPI + markers and the absence of CD45. Results: Comprehensive genomic profile obtained from ctDNA and gDNA from FFPE of early-stage breast cancer patients predominantly exhibited the presence of alterations in PIK3CA and ESR1 signaling pathways. PIK3CA mutations were present in 77% and 44% of baseline ctDNA and gDNA samples, while ESR1 mutations were present in 44% and 22% of baseline ctDNA and gDNA, respectively. In addition, we observed about 70% additional driver mutations in ctDNA samples suggesting shedding of ctDNA together with CTC (80% positive), a likely positive biomarker of metastasis. About 50% of the patients showed higher TMB and HRD. Notably, TF representing ctDNA varied between 13% to 27% in blood samples with a corresponding ploidy range of 2.9 to 4.7. Surprisingly, ~50% of the patient population matched the mutation profile of clinically confirmed metastatic patients. All the patients harboring potential metastatic driver alterations showed the presence of CTCs in peripheral blood. Conclusions: Comprehensive ctDNA genomic profiling showed potential metastasis driving alterations suggesting the role of ctDNA-based liquid biopsy to predict metastasis in early breast cancer patients. We observed enhanced TF at the time of diagnosis, possibly due to the presence of distant metastasis, high disease burden, and aggressive tumor biology. Our results suggest that ctDNA dynamics at the time of disease presentation can predict early metastasis, and may demonstrate the divergent response of tumor heterogeneity to treatment in early-stage breast cancer. Citation Format: Gowhar Shafi, Manoj Dongare, Atul Bharde, Moubeen Fauzul, Kanchan Hariramani, Alain D’Souza, Bhagwat Jadhav, Trupti Kad, Sangeeta Prajapati, Vikas Jadhav, ManojKumar Kumaran, Sumit Haldar, Vatsal Mehra, Sujit Joshi, Gourishankar Aland, Richa Dave, Sreeja Jayant, Aravindan Vasudevan, Mohan Uttarwar, Jayant Khandare. Comprehensive ctDNA profiling reveals potential metastatic genomic signatures in treatment-naive early-stage breast cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Cancer Metastasis; 2022 Nov 14-17; Portland, OR. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;83(2 Suppl_2):Abstract nr PR007.

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