Nowadays the water management measures are ineffective. The field trips of 2017-2018 are carried out. The Lower Volga is drained by 37 watercourses, 34 of them belong to small rivers. The right bank tributaries of the Volga are short and flow in deep channels - 76% of all tributaries of its lower reaches. Left bank waterways are long, flowing in shallow channels - 24%. This is due to the location of the right bank of the Volga within the Volga Upland with a developed ravine-net system and a zone of dry steppes. The left bank of the lower reaches of the Volga River lies in the semi-desert zone, where the ravine-gully network is poorly developed. Factors affecting the state of these rivers: the flow of wastewater from industrial enterprises; pollution by fertilizers, pesticides; flow regulation; irrevocable withdrawal of river runoff for household, industrial, agricultural needs. Measures to address these problems: the transition to modern water-saving technologies; cleaning of domestic, agricultural and industrial waste; toughening control over compliance with the norms of discharge of pollutants into rivers; the establishment of water protection and sanitary zones for all reservoirs; clearing channels, coasts and floodplains from debris; tight control over livestock grazing in floodplains; planting forest belts along the river channels.

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There are many methods of water treatment and wastewater treatment, this includes sorption filters with different loads, the use of reagents, but mechanical cleaning filters carry a heavy load. The correct selection of equipment assumes effective water purification and high-quality irrigation of crops. The article presents the results of modernization of structural elements of a hydrocyclone to improve the efficiency of irrigation water treatment. The modernization consists in the fact that an impeller with a bearing was additionally installed on the outlet of the clarified product, which increases the centrifugal force of the swirling liquid flow, thereby increasing the efficiency of cleaning irrigation water. After the cleaning process, a chemical analysis of the irrigation water was carried out, which showed that the proposed design of a hydrocyclone with an impeller effectively reduces the concentration of impurities in the irrigation water. The amount of impurities in the purified water decreased due to, increasing the centrifugal force of the swirling fluid flow, suspended solids decreased by 3 times, turbidity by 2.5 times, color by more than 29%.

The quality of irrigation by sprinklers is determined not only by the uniformity of the distribution of the rain layer over the irrigated area. If the water permeability exceeds the intensity of precipitation, then surface runoff does not occur. With an increase in soil moisture, water permeability decreases, and surface runoff increases, contributing to the washout of the fertile layer. The sprinkling machine “Kuban-LS” is installed 18…20 km west of Volgograd, located on the western slope of the Volga Upland. The soil cover has a complex character and is represented by carbonate light chestnut varieties of varying degrees of washout. The data on the effect of artificial rain created by a sprinkler machine on the soil structure and absorption rate are presented. Due to the partial destruction of agronomically valuable soil aggregates, the density of the arable layer from sowing to harvesting the grass mixture after each irrigation increased from 1.10…1.28 to 1.26…1.35 t/m3. The quality of irrigation by sprinklers is determined not only by the uniformity of rain distribution, but also by the conditions for the absorption of irrigation water into the soil. Based on these studies, we offer certain recommendations to reduce the negative impact on the soil.

The article discusses the state of natural resources as a result of the use of traditional tillage technologies, suggests ways to solve them by switching to the resource-saving strip-till cultivation technology. Analyzed production costs for chemical processing and identified the shortcomings of serial machines for chemical processing of plants. The proposed technology and technical solution for the use of band spraying with the redistribution of working solutions for the objects of impact, taking into account the phase of crop development, which allows accurately making the active substance on the object of impact, which reduces hectare application rates and stresses of cultivated plants, saves money on chemical processing solving environmental problems by reducing the chemical load on the soil. An algorithm has been developed to recalculate the rate of application, as well as a calculator has been upgraded to select the nozzle number at the optimum pressure in the system, taking into account the hectare consumption and the speed of the unit in relation to the resource-saving method of chemical treatment of plants. As a result of the calculations, when using a resource-saving method of chemical processing of tilled crops, the consumption of the working solution is reduced compared to a continuous spraying when applied to crops with a row spacing of 0.7 m by 31.4%, with a row spacing of 0.9 m by 38.9%. This method allows adding a set of machines for mechanical tillage in the framework of the Strip-till strip technology.