IMV B-7280 (separately) and a composition of VKL/ VKB/ IMV B-7280 are effective at decreasing the weight of obese mice, decreasing cholesterol level, restoring the liver morphology and beneficially modulating the gut microbiome in high-calorie-induced obesity.

BackgroundProbiotics have great potential to contribute to development of healthy dietary regimes, preventive care, and an integrated approach to immunity-related disease management. The bacterial wall is a dynamic entity, depending on many components and playing an essential role in modulating immune response. The impact of cell wall elasticity on the beneficial effects of probiotic strains has not been sufficiently studied.The aim was to investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria strains on phagocytic system cells (macrophages) as related to bacterial wall elasticity, estimated using atomic force microscopy (AFM).MethodsWe conducted studies on Balb/c line mice 18–20 g in weight using lyophilized strains of LAB—Lactobacillus acidophilus IMV B-7279, Lactobacillus casei IMV B-7280, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus IMV B-7281, and bifidobacteria—Bifidobacterium animalis VKL and Bifidobacterium animalis VKB. We cultivated the macrophages obtained from the peritoneal cavity of mice individually with the strains of LAB and bifidobacteria and evaluated their effect on macrophages, oxygen-dependent bactericidal activity, nitric oxide production, and immunoregulatory cytokines. We used AFM scanning to estimate bacterial cell wall elasticity.ResultsAll strains had a stimulating effect on the functional activity of macrophages and ability to produce NO/NO2 in vitro. Lactobacilli strains increased the production of IL-12 and IFN-γ in vitro. The AFM demonstrated different cell wall elasticity levels in various strains of LAB and bifidobacteria. The rigidity of the cell walls among lactobacilli was distributed as follows: Lactobacillus acidophilus IMV B-7279 > Lactobacillus casei IMV B-7280 > Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus IMV B-7281; among the strains of bifidobacteria: B. animalis VKB > B. animalis VKL. Probiotic strain survival in the macrophages depended on the bacterial cell wall elasticity and on the time of their joint cultivation.ConclusionLAB and bifidobacteria strains stimulate immune-modulatory cytokines and active oxygen and nitrogen oxide compound production in macrophages. Strains with a more elastic cell wall according to AFM data demonstrated higher resistance to intracellular digestion in macrophages and higher level of their activation.AFM might be considered as a fast and accurate method to assess parameters of probiotic strain cell wall to predict their immune-modulatory properties.

The antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus casei IMV B-7280, Lact. acidophilus IMV B-7279, Bifidobacterium longum VK1, and B. bifidum VK2 strains or their various compositions in relation to Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and on models of experimental intravaginal staphylococcosis of mice was determined. It was found that under the influence of these strains and their various compositions, the in vitro growth of Staph. aureus was inhibited, and the number of colonies of Staph. aureus plated from the vagina of infected mice was significantly reduced. The antibacterial activity of these strains separately and in compositions correlated with their ability to improve the performance of the immune response. These strains were the most effective in the following compositions: Lact. casei IMV B-7280— B. longum VK1— B. bifidum VK2. Strains of Lact. casei IMV B-7280, Lact. acidophilus IMV B-7279, B. bifidum VK2, and B. longum VK1 are prospective components of future probiotic drugs efficient in treating staphylococcosis and for immunity correction.

Bifidobacterium animalis VKL-B. animalis VKB (Lc-VKL-VKB) or B. animalis VKL-B. animalis VKB (VKL-VKB) strain compositions that administrated both orally and vaginally or only orally, on the vaginal microbiota and cytokines production in experimental vaginal staphylococcosis in BALB/c mice. Methods. Probiotic bacteria administrated into staphylococcus-infected mice vaginally and orally simulntaneously or only orally. Material from the vagina was plated on selective media; the number of colony forming units was counted. The concentration of cytokines in the blood serum of mice was determined by enzyme immunoassay method. Results. It was found, that the number of aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms in the vagina of staphylococcus-infected mice was decreased after administration of these probiotic bacteria or its compositions both into vagina and orally or only orally. The increase in the number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria in the vagina of these mice was also observed. However, the number of coliform bacteria and microscopic fungi was smaller and the number of LAB was greater after administration of L. casei IMV B-7280 or Lc-VKL-VKB and VKL-VKB compositions into staphylococcus-infected mice vaginally and orally simultaneously, compared to only oral administration. A change of the vaginal microbiota of staphylococcus-infected mice that received these probiotic bacteria was accompanied with higher level of interferon-γ and interleukine-12 production, which favors the development of Th1 immune response and decrease of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α. The immunomodulatory effectiveness of L. casei IMV B-7280 and Lc-VKL-VKB composition will also be higher if they are administered into staphylococcus-infected mice both orally and vaginally than only orally. Conclusions. Probiotic strain L. casei IMV B-7280 and Lc-VKL-VKB or VKL-VKB strain compositions can be a good candidate for the creation of immunobiotics for treatment of urogenital infections.

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