Background and Study Aim. It is believed that the somatotype is a predictor of indicators of functional readiness. There are significant differences in the aerobic performance of the body for people of different somatotypes among students girls and men. Features of manifestation of anaerobic possibilities of an organism at persons of various somatotypes from 7 to 30 years old are described. We can assume that women of the first adulthood period of different somatotypes, indicators of functional readiness are manifested in different ways. The aim of the study was to identify the features of aerobic, anaerobic lactate and anaerobic alactate productivity of women of the first period of mature age of different somatotypes. Material and Methods. The study involved 210 females 25-35 years old. Somatotype was determined in all subjects. Functional readiness was determined by indicators of anaerobic lactatic productivity, anaerobic alactatic productivity and aerobic productivity of the organism. The power of aerobic energy supply processes was investigated by VO2max. To determine the VO2max used cycling ergometric version of the PWC 170 test. The subjects was performed a stepwise increasing load on the ergometer to determine the TAM. At the end of each stage, heart rate was recorded. The TAM level corresponded to the inflection point on the heart rate growth chart. The capacity of anaerobic lactate processes of energy supply was investigated by indicator of the maximum quantity of mechanical work for 1 minute (MQMK). The subjects performed a bicycle ergometric load duration 1 min with a power of 225 W with a maximum pedaling frequency. The power of anaerobic lactate processes of energy supply was determined by the Wingate anaerobic test WAnT 30. The power of anaerobic alactate processes of energy supply was determined by the test WAnT 10. Statistical processing was performed using the program STATISTICA 13. Results. According to absolute indicators (WAnT10. WAnT30. MQMK, TAM, VO2max) the advantage of representatives of endomorphic-mesomorphic somatotype was established. According to relative indicators of aerobic productivity (TAM, VO2max) representatives of the ectomorphic and balanced somatotype predominate. Conclusions. High values of absolute indicators of functional readiness are associated with high values ​​of body mass in combination with a high percentage of muscle for women of different somatotypes.  Accordingly, for representatives of somatotypes with lower body mass are characterized by lower absolute values ​​of all indicators of functional fitness. The relative indicators of aerobic productivity are dominated by representatives of somatotypes, which are characterized by lower body mass.

Background and Study Aim. Tactics is one of the basic terms underlying the management of competitive activities of athletes. In freestyle wrestling, the participation tactics of athletes in the competition system is covered fragmentally and needs proper justification. The purpose of the study was to determine the features of the participation tactics of elite athletes in the competition system in freestyle wrestling during 2013-2016 Olympic cycle. Materials and Methods. This study analyzes the dynamics of performances and results of 24 elite freestyle wrestlers who won gold, silver and bronze medals at the Games of XXXI Olympiad 2016 in Rio de Janeiro in different weight categories (four athletes in each of six weight categories). To do this, we used athletes’ individual profiles on the United World Wrestling. Used an expert assessment devoted to the issues of tactics and tactical training. The experts (n = 8) were well educated (3 among them held Ph.D. diplomas) and experienced – 2 coaches of Ukrainian national team, and 1 athlete–national team’s member. On average, experts had almost 10 years of experience in training wrestlers of different ages. The results were processed using Microsoft Excel software. Results. The volume of competition practice of elite athletes during 2013-2016 changed in each season. In the 2013 season, the average group number of competitions in which athletes participated was 3.84 ± 2.06, in 2014 – 3.50 ± 1.79. In the 2015 season, those indicators were the highest – 4.17 ± 1.87, but in 2016 they decreased to 3.71 ± 1.52. The participation tactics in the competition system in freestyle wrestling during the season and the four-year cycle differed depending on the dynamics of sports results. Four types of tactics used by the elite athletes in freestyle wrestling in 2013-2016 were identified: leadership holding, gradual improving of results, combined, leadership returning. It was found that during 2013-2016, most athletes (58.33-79.17%) used a variety of tactics that involved performances in one Olympic weight category. In 2014 and 2015, some athletes (20.83 and 25.00%, respectively) used different options in other weight categories, choosing one of them as a priority and one or two – as additional. Conclusions. There are four types of participation tactics in the competition system in freestyle wrestling. In 2013-2016 Olympic cycle they included leadership holding, gradual increase of results, combined, leadership return. The main differences between types of tactics are the volume of competition practice, the dynamics of results, the choice of weight category. The most relevant was the type of tactics with performances exclusively in the Olympic weight category during four seasons.

Background and Study Aim. The level of functional preparedness of the population is influenced by many factors. The greatest influence is exerted by the economic condition of the country, climatic features of the region, food quality, environmental factor, social status of the population. Therefore, functional readiness standards should be updated periodically. For an objective assessment of functional readiness, all energy potential should be considered: aerobic, anaerobic lactatic and alactatic. Women of different somatotypes have significant differences in the degree of development of indicators of functional preparedness. Hypothesis. The models of functional preparedness developed by us for women of different somatotypes will clearly demonstrate significant differences in the level of preparedness in representatives of different somatotypes. The aim of the study is to develop standards of functional readiness for women aged 25-35 and models of functional preparedness for women of different somatotypes. Material and methods. The study involved women aged 25-35 years (n = 392). Somatotype was determined in all subjects. The power of aerobic energy supply processes was determined by the method of bicycle ergometry according to the PWC 170 test. The threshold of anaerobic metabolism was determined by the test with a stepwise increasing load. The capacity of anaerobic lactatic energy supply processes of muscular activity was determined by a bicycle ergometric 60-second test. The power of anaerobic lactatic and alactatic energy supply processes was determined by Wingate anaerobic tests WAnT 30 and WAnT 10. Standards of functional preparedness were developed according to the author's method based on the rule 3σ. Results. Functional preparedness standards have been developed for women aged 25-35 according to the full range of muscular energy supply regimes. Models of functional preparedness for women 25-35 years of different somatotypes have been developed. Conclusions. The developed standards are based on modern experimental data and consider all human energy potential (aerobic, anaerobic lactatic and anaerobic alactatic). Standards of functional preparedness cannot be universal for different countries and even different regions of large countries. Models of functional preparedness of women of different somatotypes show a significant difference from the standards set for women without somatotype. Somatotype should be considered when assessing indicators of functional preparedness.

Introduction. Despite the constant modernization of the athletes’ training system, as well as the existing legislative framework aimed at innovative transformations in the field of physical education and sports, currently, there is no information on the use of interactive tools in the theoretical training of athletes in cyclic sports, and it does not meet modern requirements for training athletes. The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of training with the use of traditional and author’s interactive tools of theoretical training of beginner athletes in cyclic sports. Material and methods. In this work, the following research methods were used: theoretical analysis and generalization of literary sources, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment, pedagogical testing, methods of mathematical statistics. The study included 36 people involved in kayaking and canoeing at the stage of initial training. The sports experience of the subjects was 1-2 years, qualification at the level of III sports categories. Classes on the developed programs were conducted in the preparatory period of the macrocycle. Results. Training, in which only the theoretical training tools recommended by the curriculum were used, proved to be ineffective in most sections of knowledge at the stage of initial training of athletes. Training sessions with the use of interactive tools proved to be more effective than classes that used only the theoretical training tools recommended by the curriculum. Conclusions. Classes with the use of interactive theoretical training tools contributed more to the increase of the general level of theoretical training of young rowers at the stage of initial training - up to 57,4 % (p < 0.05) than classes using only theoretical training tools recommended by the curriculum. - up to 40,8 % (p < 0.05). Prospects for further research in this direction include the development and experimental testing of the author’s interactive tools for theoretical training, which will increase the level of theoretical training of athletes at different stages of training in cyclical sports.

Purpose: substantiation and development of the structure and content of theoretical training of kayakers and canoeists at the stage of preliminary basic training and determining the effectiveness of classes using traditional and author's (interactive) means of theoretical training of athletes. Material and methods. In the second stage, an experiment was conducted to establish the effectiveness of traditional and interactive means of theoretical training. The study involved trainers-teachers, a total of 82 people. Among the respondents were 41 coaches of the highest category (21 of them - Honored Coach of Ukraine), 19 people - coaches of the first category, 22 people - coaches of the second category. In the second stage, an experiment was conducted to establish the effectiveness of traditional and interactive means of theoretical training. The experiment involved kayakers and canoeists aged 13-16, who were engaged in the stage of preliminary basic training. The total number of athletes was 42 people. Two experimental groups were formed, in the preparation of which different methods and means of theoretical training were used. Comparison of data obtained during the survey of trainers-teachers was tested for the normality of the distribution using the criterion of agreement χ2 Pearson. To determine the reliability of the differences between the indicators of the level of theoretical training of rowers before and after the pedagogical experiment, the criterion of signs (Signtest) was used. Results. Training sessions on the developed program with the use of author's interactive means of theoretical training contributed to a significant (p <0.05) increase in the overall level of theoretical training of rowers at the stage of preliminary basic training by 29.56%. At the same time, training sessions with the use of theoretical training provided by the state curriculum were less effective and contributed to increasing the overall level of theoretical training of young rowers by only 7.2% (p <0.05). Conclusions. Theoretical training is an important component in the system of training kayakers and canoeists. The use of interactive theoretical training tools using the game method (computer games) in the process of theoretical training significantly increases its effectiveness, in contrast to classes that used only traditional tools and methods (study of methodological literature, conversations, demonstration of posters, stands, educational films ). This innovative approach makes the process of theoretical training much more effective by providing a higher level of theoretical training of athletes.