Today, hundreds of millions of children under the age of 5 fall short of their development potential. Advances in neuroscience have confirmed that adult health and well-being are based on the developmental conditions and opportunities they had in early childhood, from conception to 24 months (first 1000 days) and then to the age of 5 (second 1000 days). Young children, who eat a healthy balanced diet, who are treated with care and attention, and who have more opportunities to learn, have a better chance to thrive. Data from a survey of adopted children, as well as experimental and quasi-experimental studies, showed that prevention of stunting is most effective during the first 1000 days and developmental delays in both the first and second 1000 days. External factors affect cognitive development significantly less after this period, and the older a person becomes, the less effective educational programs are, and the longer it takes to learn a new skill. In this regard, it is necessary to identify the degree of influence of nutrient components, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids and lutein, on the cognitive development of the child in the first year of life, as it determines the intellectual potential of the person throughout life. The goal of this review is to review the existing literature to find out how certain food components (polyunsaturated fatty acids and lutein) affect infant and toddler brain development.Keywords: omega-3, omega-6, polyunsaturated fatty acids, lutein, cognitive development

The authors raise the question of the role of goat milk in the nutrition of infants. The properties of goat milk and its difference from cow milk are discussed. The authors share experience in the prescription of goat milk formula, give examples from their own practice

The etiology and pathogenesis of infantile colic are still unclear but are most likely determined by a range of behavioral and biological components. The diet contribution to the origin of infantile colic also remains controversial. The review considers the role of biotic nutritional components in the colic prevention and treatment, the role of the intestinal microbiome, as well as diagnostic methods based on objective parameters. The impact of prebiotics in the infant diet on the intestinal microbiome composition and its influence on the manifestation of infant colic is considered. The presence of various probiotic cultures in the diet and their relationship to colic symptoms is also discussed. The importance of examination of the bacterial markers composition, metabolites of the intestinal microbiome, in particular, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), has been shown.Keywords: infantile colic, infant formula, nutrient components, intestinal microbiota, short-chain fatty acids