Purpose: To explore the potentials of multicolor (MC) confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) to detect structural retinal pathology after macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and to describe their appearances. Methods: Thirty MC cSLO images of 30 eyes after RRD repair were prospectively studied for the presence of RRD-related pathology. All MC cSLO findings were verified using swept source optical coherence tomography. Positive percent agreements were calculated using swept source optical coherence tomography as reference. Results: Eight RRD-related structural pathologies were identified and characterized: ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption, foveal EZ rosette, outer retinal fold, retinal detachment line, subretinal fluid blebs, subretinal fluid layer, retinal striae, and intraretinal cysts. Multicolor cSLO positive percent agreements were as follows: EZ disruption: 79%, foveal EZ rosette: 73%, outer retinal fold: 67%, retinal detachment line: 84%, subretinal fluid blebs: 0.70%, subretinal fluid layer: 50%, intraretinal cysts: 60%, and retinal striae: 100%. Conclusion: En face MC cSLO imaging detected and delineated RRD-related structural pathology in high agreement with cross-sectional swept source optical coherence tomography and can supplement optical coherence tomography in the documentation and monitoring of outer retinal remodeling processes after macula-off RRD. Foveal EZ rosette is a new finding of the foveal EZ.

PurposeTo investigate whether exposure to antazoline‐naphazoline eye drops in the first trimester of pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of malformations in humans.MethodsAll women giving live birth between 1997 and 2011 in Denmark were included in this nationwide cohort study. All women redeeming at least one prescription of antazoline‐naphazoline eye drops during the first 84 days of pregnancy were identified. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios of malformations among exposed offspring compared to non‐exposed offspring.ResultsWe identified 977 706 births between 1997 and 2011. A total of 3061 women (0.32%) were exposed to antazoline‐naphazoline eye drops in the first trimester of pregnancy. The rate of congenital malformations was 3.0% (n = 93) in exposed offspring and 3.5% (n = 33 594) in unexposed offspring. First‐trimester exposure to antazoline‐naphazoline was not associated with major congenital malformations overall (odds ratio: 0.88, 95% confidence interval: 0.71–1.09) or with any specific major malformation. The number of redeemed prescriptions was unchanged during all trimesters of pregnancy as compared to before and after pregnancy (p < 0.05).ConclusionExposure to antazoline‐naphazoline eye drops in the first trimester of pregnancy appears not to be associated with increased teratogenic risk.

In this study, we found no association between dispensing of chloramphenicol eye drops or eye ointment in the first trimester of pregnancy and major congenital malformations. This is in accordance with a previous study analysing the risk of systemic chloramphenicol.

Purpose: To investigate the incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and describe characteristics of the RRD population. Methods: Retrospective, observational case series. Data on residents of South Rogaland, Norway, diagnosed with primary RRD in the period 2000-2019 were obtained by medical chart review. Patient demographics and prior intraocular surgery were documented. Incidence rates adjusted to the Norwegian population were calculated for 5-year periods and stratified by age, sex and lens status. Results: The RRD incidence increased from 12.6 per 100 000 person-years in 2000-2004 to 20.2 in 2015-2019. The RRD incidence increased by 2.9% per year (p < 0.0001) corresponding to an accumulated increase of 77%. Demographic changes accounted for 30% of the increase. The pseudophakic RRD incidence increased yearly by 4.9% (p < 0.0001), over double the rate of the phakic RRD increase of 2.3% (p = 0.0005). In individuals ≥50 years old, the annual RRD incidence increase was 4.5% (p = 0.019) for pseudophakic females, 3.9% (p = 0.001) for pseudophakic males and 2.6% (p = 0.03) for phakic females. Males were younger compared with females when undergoing lens exchange surgery, 58.5 (SD 12.5) versus 62.4 (SD 13.2) years, (p = 0.013) and when diagnosed with pseudophakic RRD, 61.9 (SD 12.5) versus 68.2 (SD 12.9) years, (p < 0.0001). There was no significant increase in subjects under 50 years of age. Conclusion:The RRD incidence increased dramatically over 20 years, of which 30% was attributed to demographic changes. The most pronounced change occurred in pseudophakic RRD, which calls for raised awareness of the individual risk related to lens exchange surgery.