<p><em>Mercury is one of the most dangerous chemicals that is often added to whitening cream. There are many manufacturers or sellers of whitening cream who use mercury in their products even though it is use is prohibited. This research conducted a qualitative and quantitative analysis of mercury on five samples of whitening cream in the traditional market. Qualitative analysis was performed using KI reagent and showed five samples containing mercury. Then, the determination of mercury in the sample by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 243,7 nm. From the validation result, the regression equation obtained from the calibration curve is Y = 0,016779x - 0,04377 with LOD and LOQ of 2,1552 µg/L and 7,184 µg/L. The accuracy test is indicated by the percent recovery is in the range 88-97% and the precision test is shown with the % RSD value of 0,044-1,57%. The quantitative analysis results of five samples showed that all samples contained mercury levels range from 51,576 ppm to 3886,776 ppm.</em></p><p> </p><p><strong><em>K</em></strong><strong><em>eywords:</em></strong><em>Whitening cream;Mercury;Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.</em></p>
Brown rice contains anthocyanin compounds. Anthocyanin is a natural pigment that gives red color to brown rice. Anthocyanin is an unstable compound, so it is necessary to optimize the extraction method to find out the proper extraction method in obtaining the largest anthocyanin level in brown rice. Optimization of extraction conducted in this study include solvent, addition of HCl and size of brown rice Measurement of levels in this study using the method of differential pH with visible spectrofotometer tool. The results showed that extraction using methanol-HCl solvent was the best extraction process. As for the size of rice particles does not affect the amount of extracted anthocyanins.
Beras merah memiliki kandungan yaitu senyawa antosianin. Antosianin adalah pigmen alami yang memberikan warna merah pada beras merah. Antosianin merupakan senyawa yang tidak stabil, sehingga perlu dilakukan pemilihan metode ekstraksi untuk mengetahui metode ekstraksi yang tepat dalam mendapatkan kadar antosianin terbesar dalam beras merah. Pemilihan ekstraksi yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini meliputi, pelarut, penambahan HCl dan ukuran dari beras merah. Pengukuran kadar pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode pH diferensial dengan alat spektrofotometer visibel. Penetapan kadar yang telah dilakukan diperoleh kadar antosianin pada sampel beras metanol halus, metanol utuh, metanol halus HCl 1% dan metanol utuh HCl 1% secara berurutan yaitu 0,0591 (mg/100g), 0,0551 (mg/100g), 0,1503 (mg/100g), dan 0,1212 (mg/100g). Hasil yang diperoleh sampel beras halus yang dilarutkan dengan metanol HCl 1% memiliki kadar antosianin tertinggi.
AbstrakPengembangan obat dan kosmetik dari biota laut kini tengah terjadi di dunia farmasi. Mikroalga Thalassiosira sp merupakan jenis mikroalga yang memiliki kandungan senyawa-senyawa bioaktif. Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bawa mikroalga memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak mikroalga Thalassiosira sp terhadap 3 bakteri yaitu staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis dan propionibakterium Acne di fasa n-heksan, etil asetat dan etanol. Ketiga bakteri ini dapat menyebabkan infeksi kulit. Mikroalga Thalassiosira sp dikultivasi menggunakan medium walne dan di panen pada hari ke-6 setelah penanaman. Pemanen mikroalga dilakukan dengan teknik sentrifuga. Ektrak dilakukan dengan cara maserasi bertingkat selama 3 x 24 jam. Pengujian antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi kertas cakram atau metode disc diffusion menurut Kirby-Bauer. Hasil ekstrak mikroalga Thalassiosira sp diperoleh paling banyak pada ekstrak etanol sebanyak 24,24%(b/b), ektrak etil asetat sebanyak 19,75%(b/b) dan paling sedikit adalah ekstrak heksan sebanyak 8,64% (b/b). Hasil uji difusi menunjukkan ekstrak n-heksan, etil asetat dan etanol mikroalga Thalassiosira sp memiliki aktivitas terhadap bakteri staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis dan propionibakterium Acne yang ditunjukan dengan adanya zona bening. Kata kunci: mikroalga, Thalassiosira sp, antibakteri, infeksi kulit, metode difusi Abstract Development drugs and cosmetics from marine biota is now being happened in pharmacy word. Microalgae Thalassiosira sp is a type of microalgae that has a bioactive compounds. Several previous studies have shown the existence of microalgae which have antibacterial activity. This study aimed to study the antibacterial activity of extracts of microalgae Thalassiosira sp against 3 bacteria which is staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis and propionibacterium acne in the n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol phases. These three bacteria can cause skin infections. Microalgae Thalassiosira sp was cultivated using walne medium and harvested on the 7th day after planting. Microalgae harvesters are carried out by centrifuge techniques. The extract is done by multilevel maceration for 3 x 24 hours. Antibacterial testing was carried out by the paper diffusion method or Kirby-Bauer's disc diffusion method. The results of the crude extract of microalgae Thalassiosira sp were obtained at most in ethanol extract as much as 24.24% (w/w), extract of ethyl acetate at 19.75% (w / w) and at least hexane extract at 8.64% (w/w). The diffusion test results for n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol microalgae Thalassiosira sp extract have activity on staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis and propionibacterium acne which are supported by clear zones. Keywords: mikroalge, Thalassiosira sp, antibacteria, skin infection, diffusion method
Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Propionibacterium acne. Uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode cakram kertas dan identifikasi golongan senyawa menggunakan metode bioautografi. Hasil yang diperoleh ektrak terbaik n-heksanaa terhadap bakteri P. acne mulai dari konsentrasi 2% menunjukan diameter zona bening 7,4 ± 0,9 mm. Bakteri S. epidermidis pada konsentrasi 2 % sebesar 6,5 ± 0,3 mm. Hasil identifikasi golongan senyawa pada ekstrak n-heksana terdapat senyawa asam lemak yang dominan yaitu asam palmitat 18,23% asam arakidonat 14,82% dan asam eikosapentanoat 12,49 %.
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