A szerző áttekintést nyújt a rendőrség teljesítményméréséről szóló tudományos irodalomról.

Miskolc jó példa arra, hogy az ország különböző részei és közösségei közötti társadalmi-kulturális, gazdasági és szociális különbségek hogyan vezetnek a vidéki és városi bűnözés közötti szakadék növekedéséhez. Az elmúltévtized gazdaságpolitikai törekvései ellenére a vidék egyre hátrányosabb helyzetbe került. A jövedelmi különbségek tovább nőttek. Az elmaradott térségek szegregált területeinek lakói már nem képesek felzárkózni a gyorsan fejlődő fővároshoz vagy Nyugat-Magyarországhoz. Ahogyan az is kétséges, hogy bármilyen módon elérjék a fejlett és áhított nagyvárosi életszínvonalat. Emiatt a vidéki bűnözés egyik jellemző formája a szegregátumokban a pszichoaktív szerek árusítása. Ezek a bizonytalan összetételű és hatásmódú szerek óriási társadalmi károkat okoznak ezeken a területeken, különösen a fiatalok körében, ezáltal katalizálják a társadalmi és gazdasági problémákat, és konzerválják az elmaradottságot. Miközben tisztában lehetünk azzal, hogy a hagyományos kábítószerekkel kapcsolatos bűnözési formák, sőt az erőszakos vagyon elleni bűncselekmények formái is egyre inkább visszaszorulnak az új pszichoaktív anyagokkal elérhető anyagi haszon és a lebukás és büntetés alacsony kockázata miatt. A helyzetet az ország északkeleti részén található egykori iparváros, Miskolc bűnügyi helyzeténekbemutatásával szemléltetem. Bemutatva a kriminológiai probléma jogi és társadalmi összetettségét.

Exploring data on recidivism in Hungary and Russia, the authors study the presence gender dimension of crime prevention. We agree with the assertion that crimes are predominantly committed by males but they believe that theoretical hypotheses developed by criminologists through the examples of men’s crimes cannot be transferred to women by default. Feminist criminology deals with the relationship of female identity in Russian society and crime, above all, recidivism. Analysis of data on the state of crime in Russia shows that, despite the general positive dynamics of its decrease, the rate of recidivism remains at a high level. In Hungary rates of repetition of offences committed by women are also rising. The aim of the study is to analyze the causes and conditions of female recidivism through the prism of the socio-psychological concept of crime causality. The novelty of the study is expressed in establishing the asymmetry of the criminal policy towards women, who, due to their conformity, are more prone to manifestations of repeated deviation. The authors conclude that the intense increase in recidivism is evidence of the ineffectiveness of the criminal, prison and preventive policies.

Before 2019, tourism around the world was breaking records in numbers every year. If we compare the number of people involved in tourism with the values of a few decades ago, we can witness an amazing development. Concerning all four countries (Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic and Slovakia) we can say that the historical roots are very similar. Still, at the same time, they have taken a specific and, in many cases, separate paths to reach the current level of development.The World Tourism Organisation does not consider Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia as a separate touristic region. However, considering the current touristic trends, we can say that more and more people arriving from far-away places look at this area as one region. During their holiday, they visit several countries. Those working in the field of tourism mostly speak the most common world languages. It is not easy to use exact indicators of the local population’s helpfulness, but most Europeans can be said to be understanding and helpful to tourists. The current study aims to introduce and analyse the current trends of tourism safety of the V4 countries.

The authors consider the theoretical and applied problems of preventing illicit traffic in drugs and psychotropic substances in Hungary in the legal and criminological aspects. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that the Hungary's third drug strategy expires in 2020 (2013-2020), so a new strategy needs to be developed, but it is not yet known what guidelines it will have, what priorities will be offered to set in it.The study was conducted with a view to considering the legal framework for the prevention of illicit traffic of drugs and psychotropic substances and the problem of its improvement in Hungary. To achieve this goal, the authors analysed statistics on drug use, types and quantity of drugs seized by law enforcement agencies for the last five years. The authors give a description of the drug situation, territorial features of drug use and a multilevel system of measures to counter illegal traffic in drugs and psychotropic substances at the national level. The authors pay special attention to the age and gender characteristics of drug use, which makes it possible to identify the most vulnerable groups, which should be supported by state preventive programs. The authors also analysed data on mortality from drug use and concluded that from 2010 onwards methadone and other non-opiate drugs predominated in death.Based on the results of the study, current trends in drug use in Hungary were summarized. The results obtained are important for the development of an anti-drug strategy and the improvement of legislation, as well as for the prevention of law enforcement agencies, both Hungary and other European countries.