This paper gives an overview of Base of Aircraft Data (BADA), an Aircraft Performance Model developed and maintained by EUROCONTROL. BADA is based on a kinetic approach to aircraft performance modelling, which models aircraft forces. The intended use of BADA is trajectory simulation and prediction in Air Traffic Management (ATM) Research and Development and strategic planning in ground ATM operations. BADA is used for various ATM-related studies which require information on aircraft performances. The paper provides details on the existing BADA family 3 model and the latest achievements in the development of the new BADA family 4 model. Several examples of the applications of using BADA are provided, together with information on how to obtain access to BADA.

This paper provides an analysis of the BADA aircraft performance model capabilities and addresses the BADA model ability to provide accurate modeling of aircraft performances over the complete flight envelope for a number of aircraft types and different ways in which an aircraft can be operated during the flight. The focus of the paper is the support of complex aircraft operations by BADA. A short description of the two existing BADA families and their main characteristics is given. The complex flight instructions and operating regimes -economy climb, cruise and descent based on cost index, maximum range cruise, long range cruise, optimum altitude and maximum endurance cruise -identified as key features in support to optimized flight execution are discussed. The optimization procedures and equations in which they derive are presented and the ability of the BADA model to support these flight operations is demonstrated. It is shown that BADA 4 can be successfully used with complex instructions and operating regimes, whereas the use of BADA 3 is limited. Finally, the results of a validation experiment dedicated to BADA thrust models are presented.

This paper addresses the challenge to provide realistic aircraft behaviours in air traffic control simulations. Many simulation environments lack actual information on aircraft, airline or airspacespecific operational procedures: they resort to generic procedures to navigate the simulated aircraft, which may result in unsatisfying aircraft behaviours. A methodology has been developed by EURO-CONTROL to improve the aircraft behaviour model in its large-scale and real-time air traffic management simulation system, by identifying specific aircraft operation parameters from historical radar data. The simulator has been adapted to take these aircraft operation parameters into account, and the methodology was applied and tested during the last two simulations which took place at the EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre in 2010. The results of using operationally-tuned parameters during those simulations demonstrate that the analysis of flight recordings can bring valuable information about numerous flight behaviour parameters, and that the use of detailed flight behaviour models based on the parameters identified from the recordings can improve the accuracy of aircraft modeling enough that air traffic controllers liken the simulated traffic to a real traffic.

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