Strehlow et al. describe the largest cohort to date of individuals with GRIN2A-related disorders. The results reveal two phenotypic subgroups associated with different classes of variants affecting distinct domains of the GluN2A protein with different functional consequences. The findings will help predict outcomes in newly diagnosed individuals.

Layer-by-layer (LbL)-coated microcarriers offer a good opportunity as transport systems for active agents into specific cells and tissues. The assembling of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes enables a modular construction of the carriers and therefore an optimized integration and application of drug molecules. Here, we report the multilayer incorporation and transport of R 1 -antitrypsin (AT) by colloidal microcarriers. AT is an anti-inflammatory agent and shows inhibitory effects toward its proinflammatory antagonist, human neutrophil elastase (HNE). The highly proteolytic enzyme HNE is released by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) during inflammatory processes and can cause host tissue destruction and pain. The high potential of this study is based on a simultaneous intraand extracellular application of AT-functionalized LbL carriers. Carrier application in PMNs results in significant HNE inhibition within 21 h. Microcarriers phagocytosed by PMNs were time dependently decomposed inside phagolysosomes, which enables the step-by-step release of AT. Here, AT inactivates HNE before being released, which avoids a further HNE concentration increase in the extracellular space and, subsequently, reduces the risk of further tissue destruction. Additionally, AT surface-functionalized microcarriers allow the inhibition of already released HNE in the extracellular space. Finally, this study demonstrates the successful application of LbL carriers for a concurrent extra-and intracellular HNE inhibition aiming the rebalancing of protease and antiprotease concentrations and the subsequent termination of chronic inflammations.

The non‐POU domain‐containing octamer‐binding (NONO) protein is involved in multiple steps of gene regulation such as RNA metabolism and DNA repair. Hemizygous pathogenic variants in the NONO gene were confirmed to cause a rare X‐linked syndromic disorder. Through our in‐house diagnostics and subsequent matchmaking, we identified six unrelated male individuals with pathogenic or likely pathogenic NONO variants. For a detailed comparison, we reviewed all published characterizations of the NONO‐associated disorder. The combined cohort consists of 16 live‐born males showing developmental delay, corpus callosum anomalies, non‐compaction cardiomyopathy and relative macrocephaly as leading symptoms. Seven prenatal literature cases were characterized by cardiac malformations. In this study, we extend the phenotypic spectrum through two more cases with epilepsy as well as two more cases with hematologic anomalies. By RNA expression analysis and structural modeling of a new in‐frame splice deletion, we reinforce loss‐of‐function as the pathomechanism for the NONO‐associated syndromic disorder.

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