Tuberculosis has for a very long time been one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Diabetes mellitus is another disease which is growing into another major global challenge. Presence of diabetes increases the risk of tuberculosis by 2 to 3 times. 2 sputum samples were collected from all the 202 patients for Zeihl Neelson’s staining to screen the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacillus. Venous blood was taken for blood glycated hemoglobin and other biochemical and hematological tests. Out of these 41.6% had diabetes and 58.4% were non diabetic. The chest X-rays were severe in 51.2% patients among the TB and DM comorbid patients and 33.9% among the non diabetic patients. Poor outcome was seen in 54.8% of the cases among the DM and TB patients which in only TB patients with no diabetes, the number of cured patients was far more. There was a high incidence of diabetes among the patients with TB, which increases the morbidity and mortality among these patients. Smoking and alcoholism are preventable risk factors. So proper counselling and health education is necessary so that the patients would be able to monitor their blood sugar levels.

Introduction: Acute hypoxia is an important prognostic indicator in Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as a biomarker. RDW can aid in identification of persistent Hypoxia. Objective: To investigate the association of red cell Distribution Width (RDW) values in COPD exacerbation patients. Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study of 50 patients with COPD evaluated between September 2021 to December 2021.Hemogram,demographics,Spirometry and 2D echo data collected.Results: Mean age of the patients was 56 ± 10 years.Correlation between RDW with hypoxia, 6MWT,Pulmonary hypertension,CAT was found to be significant (p = 0.001 respectively) Patients with poor expiratory volumes (FEV1) were found to have higher CAT scores. Most patients in the study cohort were seen to be older, with significant smoking exposure and belonging to Stage 1 COPD. Conclusion: In conclusion, we demonstrated that elevated RDW levels in patients with COPD were associated with disease severity.It might be an indicator of hypoxemia. Therefore, an inexpensive and simple laboratory parameter, such as RDW, could be considered as a biomarker in the evaluation of the severity of COPD

Background: Spirometry is an important diagnostic monitoring tool for various lung disorders. Ventilatory function can be assessed by spirometry. Also, we can find whether it is obstructive or restrictive disease. An appropriate technique is essential to ensure accurate results. Spirometry requires proper understanding and cooperation of the patient while doing the test. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy and utility of spirometry data in elderly (>65years) individuals with or without lung diseases.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out among 199 subjects who were then divided into 100 controls and 99 cases. Spirometry was carried out among all subjects. The values of spirometry were compared among cases and controls as well as across age and sex groups. Student’s t-test was applied.Results: After studying the spirometric data in elderly population with or without lung disease, there was significant difference between cases and controls as far as pack years of smoking was concerned. There was significant difference in FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC between the cases and controls. As the age increased the spirometric values decreased. The spirometry was normal in controls in majority compared to none in cases.Conclusions: Spirometry should be used by all primary care and specialist physicians even in elderly population.