Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligand PET induces management changes in patients with prostate cancer. We aim to better characterize the impact of 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET ( 68 Ga-PSMA PET) on management of recurrent prostate cancer in a large prospective cohort. Methods: We report management changes after 68 Ga-PSMA PET, a secondary endpoint of a prospective multicenter trial in men with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. Pre-PET (Q1), post-PET (Q2), and posttreatment (Q3) questionnaires were sent to referring physicians recording site of recurrence and intended (Q1 to Q2 change) and implemented (Q3) therapeutic and diagnostic management. Results: Q1 and Q2 response was collected for 382 of 635 patients (60%, intended cohort), and Q1, Q2, and Q3 response was collected for 206 patients (32%, implemented cohort). An intended management change occurred in 260 of 382 (68%) patients. The intended change was considered major in 176 of 382 (46%) patients. Major changes occurred most often for patients with prostate-specific antigen of 0.5 to less than 2.0 ng/mL (81/147, 55%). By analysis of stage groups, management change was consistent with PET disease location, that is, a majority of major changes toward active surveillance (47%) for unknown disease site (103/382, 27%), toward local or focal therapy (56%) for locoregional disease (126/382, 33%), and toward systemic therapy (69% M1a; 43% M1b/c) for metastatic disease (153/382, 40%). According to Q3 responses, the intended management was implemented in 160 of 206 (78%) patients. In total, 150 intended diagnostic tests, mostly CT (n 5 43, 29%) and bone scans or 18 F-NaF PET (n 5 52, 35%), were prevented by 68 Ga-PSMA PET; 73 tests, mostly biopsies (n 5 44, 60%) as requested by the study protocol, were triggered. Conclusion: According to referring physicians, sites of recurrence were clarified by 68 Ga-PSMA PET, and disease localization translated into management changes in more than half of patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer.
