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The article deals with the problem of political consciousness formation in the global conditions of heterogeneous political structures, which generate a wide range of needs and interests of groups and individuals. The purpose of our study is to identify the motivational structure of the subject's consciousness formation in political structures of different types. Conceptual description of the motivational structure in socio-political systems requires complex application of various research methods. The authors utilize such methods as structural and functional analysis of the informational and social environment, the phenomenological analysis of the role of communicative practices in the public sphere driving the attitudes of mass consciousness in the process of political power legitimation. Empirical methods include public opinion polls. Following the typology of forms of political consciousness, it is possible to single out and to systematize objective system factors of the living environment and subject-oriented factors of consciousness manipulation in public policy. Remarkably, real social systems are characterized by the complex synthesis of elements from different types of political consciousness. The process of recognizing the legitimacy of power by an individual is defined by opposite motivational vectors of freedom and necessity and runs on the base of rational and emotional perception of the political situation. The unity of the diverse forms of political consciousness organization in the global society is based on the axiological consensus between cultures, between society and human, between state and person. These relations conceptually manifest in symbols that motivate individual and group consciousness to trust in power.

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The article studies the problem of correlation between the principle of objectivity as the basis of scientific knowledge and the diverse forms of human subjectivity of a scientist as a subject of a heuristic process. The regularity of changing the ratio of subjectivity and objectivity at various stages of a scientist's research search is revealed and justified – the influence of subjective factors in the process of scientific search decreases as the research progresses from its initial stages to the completion of the work, and in the final results and conclusions, scientific objectivity is achieved. The possibilities of achieving objectivity in the procedures of explanation, prediction, retelling, proof, evaluation, interpretation are determined. The features of special "historical" laws used in the methodology of historical cognition are revealed.

In everyday forms of legal consciousness or popularised interpretations of law in the field of law enforcement there is often a tendency to identify the categories of «legality» and «enforceability». This practice can be produced both by extra-scientific forms of determination, consisting in the effort to form in the legal culture of the population the image of the unity of law and right and trivial substitution of concepts that creates a serious methodological problem of scientific understanding of the phenomenon of law itself. The authors therefore set the objective of this research - to analyse the mentioned categories. The article outlines the author’s position in understanding the correlation between the categories of «legality» and «enforceability», which is fundamentally important for the methodology of legal science, and theoretically analyses the practical forms of representation of this correlation on the example of firearms use by police officers. The theoretical basis of the research are the studies of national and foreign academics. Methodology. In the process of working with the material the systematic method, as well as methods of comparative legal, historical and legal analysis and formal logic were used. Results. The authors find out that the definition of the correlation between the concepts of «legality» and «enforceability» is reasonable to conduct on the methodological basis of differentiation of the concepts of «right» and «law», which makes it possible to consider enforceability as a broader concept that includes elements of situational discretion. The justification for this conclusion is that the concept «enforceability» means the compliance of certain social phenomena to law, which can be understood not only as the norms of law, but also the system of natural rights of social subjects, determined by socio-cultural and moral norms of social life.