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Background: Preeclampsia has a complex pathophysiology in which several studies have reported derangement in calcium metabolism. The decrease in urinary calcium and calcium-creatinine ratio (CCR) could be considered as a risk factor for development of preeclampsia. This ratio is easily measurable, most effective even with spot urine sample. Objective: To study the levels of urinary CCR and to correlate with proteinuria in preeclamptic patients and to assess the role of CCR in urine as a diagnostic marker in preeclampsia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in 30 cases of pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia and 30 age-matched controls in MS Ramaiah Teaching Hospital, Bangalore over a period of 2 months. Random urine samples were collected from the cases and controls, and urinary calcium, creatinine, and protein were measured using their corresponding methods. The urinary CCR was studied and correlated with proteinuria. All the quantitative variables were described in terms of mean and standard deviation. The differences in the mean values between cases and controls were tested through Student's t-test or oblique propriate nonparametric test of significance. To test for differences in the proportion between cases and controls, c 2 test of significance was employed. Result: It was found that urinary calcium was significantly increased in cases compared with the controls, whereas there was no significant difference in CCR. The CCR had a sensitivity and specificity of 40% and 86.67%, respectively. Conclusion: Although significant numbers of pregnant women with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia did not have decreased ratio, the urinary calcium levels had decreased in preeclamptic patients.

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most important causes of cancer death in women in developing countries such as India. One of the prime reasons for the increased incidence of cervical cancer is the lack of awareness. Objective: To determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice about cervical cancer among rural Indian women Material and Methods: Married women (n = 200) between 18 and 65 years, in a rural field practice area of the medical college in Kaiwara village, located in the Chintamani taluk of Chickaballapur district, Karnataka, India, who could communicate effectively in the local language were included in the study. Participants were randomly selected and instructed to complete validated semi-structured, field-tested survey questionnaire. Result: Majority (96.5%) of the respondents did not know what screening for cervical cancer meant. Awareness regarding preventive measures was found to be very poor with just 6% having heard of Pap smear testing and 8% about the availability of a preventive vaccine. Conclusion: Mass media campaigns can go a long way in spreading awareness of cervical cancer.

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Objectives To determine the diagnostic value of ProEx C in the detection of cervical squamous epithelial lesions. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 cataloged cervical biopsy specimens. The specimens were received from incident cases for routine histopathological evaluation in MS Ramaiah Hospital. Immunohistochemical examination was performed on paraffin biopsy blocks of the specimen for nuclear and cytosolic staining with ProEx C. From the data, the proportion of positive staining cells and the average intensity of staining were assessed. Results As per this study, the sensitivity and specificity of ProEx C were found to be 95 and 83%, respectively. Conclusion ProEx C is an ascertained highly sensitive and specific marker. This will help to overcome the drawbacks of basic screening methods in terms of inter- and intra-observer variations and false-positive and false-negative values, and either replace or complement the less economical human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing in the triage for developing nations. Clinical significance The use of ProEx C as an immunohistochemical marker is a highly reliable indicator of not only the presence of cervical squamous epithelial lesions but also the grade of the lesion. With high positive and negative predictive values for dysplasia and invasive carcinomas as well, ProEx C serves as an excellent diagnostic tool for cervical intraepithelial lesions. How to cite this article Nayak AU, Muthukumar V, Sridhar HS, et al. Efficacy of ProEx C in Detecting Cervical Squamous Epithelial Lesions: A Cross-sectional Study. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2020;12(6):383–386.