The Wormian bones are irregular isolated bones, are not normally present within the cranial sutures. They may or may not be associated with clinical abnormalities. They appear in addition to the usual centers of ossification of the cranium. In the present study, the aims were to find the occurrence of Wormian bones within the cranial sutures in dry adult Indian skulls. Material and Methods: The study included 50 human adult dry skulls of Indian population which were obtained from the Anatomy Museum of Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal. They were examined systematically various sutures and its meeting point for the presence or absence of Wormian bones. Results: The Wormian bones were observed in 16 skulls (32%) and remaining 34 skulls (68%) didn't show these variant bones. They were observed at the lambdoid suture in 44% cases (22 skulls; 7-right side; 15-left side), at the asterion in 6% (3 skulls; 1-right side; 2-left side), at the pterion in 2% (1 skull; 1-right side only), at the lambda in 6% cases (3 skulls) and at the occipitomastoid suture in 6% cases (3 skulls; 2-right side; 1-left side). Conclusion: The present study observed Wormian bones in 32% of the cases from Indian population. This incidence rate is lower compared to other reports and may be due to racial variations. These variant bones were more frequently seen at the lambdoid suture and were rare at the coronal and sagittal sutures. We believe that the knowledge of Wormian bones is of importance to the neuroanatomists, neurosurgeons, radiologists, anthropologists and morphologists.

Background: Mostly femoral fracture of upper end involving the neck and trochanters are common. The neck shaft angle, neck transverse and neck vertical diameter influence the fractures of proximal femur. Internal fixation and reduction of fracture of upper end of femur with implants to restore normal anatomy and functional activity of femur is necessary for early recovery of patients. The study was performed to enlighten the orthopedic surgeons and implant manufacturer about the geometry of upper end of femur. The objectives of present study to measure the Objectives: neck shaft angle, neck transverse and vertical diameter. The present study was performed on Material and Methods: 310 dry femora in the department of anatomy RKDF Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. The measurements were taken of neck shaft angle, neck transverse and vertical diameter of femur by using goniometer and vernier calipers. The mean value and range were calculated by using SPSS software. Results: The mean neck shaft angle of right and left femora was 126.04±4.9° and 127.43±5.2° respectively and maximum range of right and left femora was 135° and 136° respectively. Neck transverse diameter of right and left femora was 24.10±2.4mm and 24.58±3.1mm, respectively. Neck vertical diameter of right and left femora was 28.96±3.18mm and 28.0±3.7mm respectively. Right and left femoral measurements show no significant difference. The use of normal Conclusion: means and range of femoral dimensions helps to decide the plan

in confirmed otosclerosis included dehiscent fallopian canal and dehiscent high-lying jugular bulb. Conclusion and Clinical Significance The study provides us insight into various causes of conductive hearing loss behind an intact tympanic membrane with no previous history of ear discharge. The advantage of endoscopic exploratory tympanotomy was clear view of middle ear anatomy and aiding as an excellent teaching tool.

Background: Femur is widely studied in the fields of orthopedics, anthropology, forensic and human kinematics.  Mostly femoral fracture of upper end is involved. Most common cause of hip joint failure is osteoarthritis. Other conditions that are rheumatoid arthritis, osteonecrosis, avascular necrosis, trauma, and bone tumors lead to hip replacement surgery. Annually, about 800,000 artificial hip joint replacements are performed across the world. The prosthetic components are used in total hip arthroplasty. The present study was undertaken to investigate the variations in the morphometry of femur. The study was performed to enlighten the orthopedic surgeons and implant manufacturer about the geometry of upper end of femur. Objectives: The objectives of present study to measure the neck and head transverse and vertical diameter of femur. Material and Methods: The present study was performed on 200 dry femora in the department of anatomy RKDF Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. The measurements were taken of neck and head transverse and vertical diameter of femur by using Vernier Caliper. The mean value and range were calculated by using SPSS software.

Background: Prevalence of hip osteoarthritis, femoral neck fracture and other hip joint ailments are increasing  day by day. Total hip arthroplasty is a commonly performed surgery now a day. There are regional and racial variations in the stature of the population of India. So there is always need of specific data for best fit prosthesis. Objective: The present study was conducted to compare the NSA disparity between femurs on both sides and to compare the NSA with the Western and Indian population sizes of different regions. This research therefore leads to Indian data on these parameters. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 (100 right and 100 left) dried femur bones were used for measuring the neck shaft angle. For comparing the right and left femora, unpaired t-test was used. Results: The total mean value and standard deviation of neck shaft angle was 126.71°±5.12°.  It ranges between 113° to 136°. The mean value of right side was 126.04±4.93° and left side was measured 127.40±5.20°. There was no significant correlation between right and left neck shaft angle. Conclusion: The mean left femoral NSA was higher than the right femoral shaft in the present study, but the values were not statistically important.