Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs), especially pneumonia, remain a major cause of infant mortality worldwide. In Indonesia, pneumonia is the second most common cause of infant and toddler deaths. Exclusive breastfeeding and basic immunization can protect infants and children from contracting pneumonia. Purpose: Our goal was to assess the risk factors for childhood pneumonia in regions with a high prevalence of pneumonia in Indonesia. Methods: This case-control study was conducted between March and April 2019. A total of 176 infants and toddlers aged 10-59 months were enrolled and selected from among patients who visited the community health center. Cases of pneumonia were diagnosed clinically based on the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, and the control was nonpneumonia. Results: The risk factors for the diagnosis of pneumonia included no or non-exclusive breastfeeding (odds ratio [OR], 7.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.52-17.94), incomplete basic immunizations (OR, 4.47; 95% CI, 2.22-8.99), indoor air pollution (OR, 7.12; 95% CI, 3.03-16.70), low birth weight (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.19-8.92), and a high degree of wasting (OR, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.06-7.17). Other variables such as nutritional status (HAZ), age, sex, and educational status of the mother were not risk factors for pneumonia. Conclusion: No or non-exclusive breastfeeding, incomplete basic immunizations, indoor air pollution, a history of low birth weight, and severe malnutrition were risk factors for childhood pneumonia. Breastfeeding was the dominant factor, while sex modified the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of pneumonia.
IMAGES HASILDiwilayah pedesaan di kabupaten Tuban pemberian MP-ASI dini pada bayi usia kurang dari 6 bulan masih cukup banyak dilakukan, namun temuan tersebut masih berdasarkan pengamatan. Dan pada daerah yang sama juga ditemukan adanya budaya yang memicu pemberian MP-ASI dini yaitu dikarenakan pengaruh dari orang tua yang masih meyakini bahwa pertumbuhan atau berat bayi tidak bertambah jika bayi tidak di berikan pisang dan bubur diusia < 6 bulan. Dan adanya budaya patriarki dimana keputusan seorang Ibu harus mengikuti suaminya termasuk dalam memberikan perawatan pada bayinya. Dan berdasarkan hasil wawancara saat obersvasi singkat, beberapa ibu bayi menyatakan belum memahami dengan benar terkait pemberian ASI Eksklusif. KESIMPULANKurangnya pengetahuan dan pemahaman yang baik pada masyarakat terkait bahaya pemberian MPASI dini terutama di masyarakat wilayah pedesaan yang sebagian besar masih cukup rentan dengan budaya dan mitos yang berkaitan tentang perawatan bayi usia 0-6 bulan dan cenderung meyakini bahwa bayi tidak tumbuh dan berat badan bertambah jika bayi tidak di berikan makanan tambahan selain ASI diusia < 6 bulan diduga menjadi pengaruh penyebab masih tingginya angka pemberian MPASI dini pada bayi usia < 6 bulan diwilayah pedesaan di Kabupaten Tuban. REKOMENDASI
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