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Vitamin C is the best antioxidant known to have benefits to boost immunity. One of the fruits that contain vitamin C is the Pasaman orange. Pasaman orange is a fruit that is a flowering plant with members of the Citrus clan from the Rutaceae tribe (orange-orange tribe). Pasaman oranges were analyzed for their vitamin C content in order to increase the community's immunity during the covid-19 pandemic. The method used is a laboratory experiment with the iodometric method. The result is that Pasaman oranges contain high levels of vitamin C, with the average vitamin C levels in the Pasaman oranges being 10.22%, 11.18% and 10.38% respectively, while the average vitamin C levels in the Pasaman oranges were 10.59%. And during this pandemic, we should consume a lot of food and fruit with vitamin C to increase the body's immunity, so that it can be developed to the next stage of further and more effective research.

Menipisnya cadangan minyak bumi dan kenaikan harga minyak bumi mengakibatkan pengalihan bahan bakar alternatif yang merupakan sumber daya terbarukan seperti biodiesel. Produksi biodisel saat ini berasal dari minyak nabati dengan menggunakan katalis cair. Penggunaan katalis padat mampu memecahkan masalah terkait metode pemisahan dan korosi yang mahal, menghasilkan produk yang lebih bersih serta sangat mengurangi biaya produksi biodiesel. Pada Tulisan ini, ditinjau kembali pengembangan katalis padat dan aktivitas katalitiknya. reaksi transesterifikasi dan esterifikasisecara simultan mampu dilakukan oleh katalis padat dalam mengubah minyak dengan jumlah asam lemak bebas yang tinggi kualitas rendah . Makalah ini membahas parameter yang mempengaruhi biodisel.

Biodiesel constitutes an alternative to diesel fuel, developing a base catalyst in cost efficiency and reducing the impact on the environment due to toxic waste and excessive chemicals. This study employed a mixture of an oxide catalyst, CaO/TiO2, which was ably synthesized as a heterogeneous catalyst to convert waste frying oil (WFO) into biodiesel. Heterogeneous catalysts have been characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TEM, SEM-EDX, and BET to identify their crystal type, morphology, composition, and surface area. Catalytic activity was affected by the amount, oil/methanol ratio, reaction temperature, and duration. A 94% biodiesel yield was achieved by optimizing the following reaction parameters: 5wt.%, 6:1 methanol: oil, 65 °C, for 4 h. The addition of TiO2 to CaO improves the catalyst stability and transforms the reactants into products. The structure and characteristics of TiO2 maintained stability and supported CaO well. Its repeated biodiesel fuel production demonstrated the catalyst stability from WFO throughout the transesterification reaction.

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