. Can. J. Chem. 52,3549 (1974) The photolysis of H,02 in aqueous solution has been used to study and characterize electron spin resonance (e.s.r.) spectra of the .OH and HO,. radical spin adducts with the spin traps 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide (DMPO) and phenyl-t-butyl nitrone (PBN). At high concentrations of spin trap and low concentrations of H 2 0 2 an e.s.r. spectrum is obtained which we assign to the .OH radical adduct (for DMPO, nN = 15.3 G, aBH = 15.3 G, a Y i H = 0.61 G, a,!," = 0.25 G, and g = 2.0060; for PBN, a N = 15.3 G, upH = 2.75 G, and g = 2.0057). At low concentrations of spin trap and high concentrations of H,O, a second spin adduct spectrum is obtained mhich we assign to the spin adduct of the H 0 2 radical (for DMPO, a' = 14.3 G, aDH = 11.7 G , = 1.25 G , g = 2.0061; for PBN, a N = 14.8 G, a," = 2.75 G, and g = 2.0057). Introduction through the cornpilation of the e.s.r. parameters The technique of spill trapping of short-lived for a wide variety of spin adducts, One should radical intermediates (R.) by nitrones and other be able to identify an unknown radical interspin traps has become a valuable addition to mediate by a comparison of the e.s.r. Paramthe methods of studying reaction mechanisms. eters. This technique has been reviewed recently by The two nitrone spin traps which have found Janzen (1). The basic reaction can be described wide use are 5,5-dimethyl-l-pyrroline-l-oxide as (DMPO)

Both E-cadherin and catenins were highly under-expressed in oral tongue carcinoma, metastatic lymph node, and recurrent tumour. gamma-catenin had predictive value for nodal metastasis. E-cadherin was, however, a more important prognostic factor for recurrence and survival.

BACKGROUND. E-cadherin is expressed on the surface of normal epithelial cells.

Bruce is a large protein (530 kDa) that contains an N-terminal baculovirus IAP repeat (BIR) and a C-terminal ubiquitin conjugation domain (E2). BRUCE upregulation occurs in some cancers and contributes to the resistance of these cells to DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic drugs. However, it is still unknown whether Bruce inhibits apoptosis directly or instead plays some other more indirect role in mediating chemoresistance, perhaps by promoting drug export, decreasing the efficacy of DNA damage-dependent cell death signaling, or by promoting DNA repair. Here, we demonstrate, using gain-of-function and deletion alleles, that Drosophila Bruce (dBruce) can potently inhibit cell death induced by the essential Drosophila cell death activators Reaper (Rpr) and Grim but not Head involution defective (Hid). The dBruce BIR domain is not sufficient for this activity, and the E2 domain is likely required. dBruce does not promote Rpr or Grim degradation directly, but its antiapoptotic actions do require that their N termini, required for interaction with DIAP1 BIR2, be intact. dBruce does not block the activity of the apical cell death caspase Dronc or the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member Debcl/Drob-1/dBorg-1/Dbok. Together, these results argue that dBruce can regulate cell death at a novel point.