No abstract

Background: Pneumonia is the most significant disease to cause death in children compared to any other respiratoy infections, particularly in babies and children under five years old. Objective: This study aimed to investigate several risk factors for pneumonia in children under five years old in Maumere, Flores, NTT. Methods: This sudy employed collaborative qualitative-quantitative design. Data on the occurrence of pneumonia were drawn from the medical record of TC Hillers Maumere hospital, gathering information from January to July 2015. Research also involved direct observation to residents housing and interviews with health care providers and locals. Research population was children under five with a history of pneumonia, consisted of 152 children. Data were alayzed with a univariate method. Results: The majority of respondents with pneumonia were male (53.3%), co-morbid with iron deficiency anemia (20.4%), aged under 12 months (69.1%), well-nourished (56.6%), and waiting for 1-3 days at home before going to the hospital (47.5%). Direct observation suggested that Maumere was a dry and dusty area. The majority of housing roof was zinc, with topsoil floor, house ventilation were not properly adjusted, houses were over-populated, and residents still used wood and gasoline to cook. Residents had strong belief on supernatural powers. Conclusion: Risk factors that increased the occurrence of pneumonia in children under five in Maumere were age, sex, nutritional status, and environment characteristics. Keywords: Pneumonia, anemia, nutrition, housing, children

The implementation of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program is still experiencing obstacles in several developing countries. This setback is related to the lack of knowledge and the high cost of the vaccine so that it affects people's behavior about the HPV vaccine. HPV vaccination in adolescents itself as primary prevention has not been widely conducted by adolescents in Indonesia. The results of previous studies showed that not many teenagers had vaccinated against HPV by using self-financing guarantees such as health savings. The obstacles faced in implementing HPV vaccination are that the vaccine is still expensive and there is lack of knowledge of parents and adolescents about the importance of HPV immunization. This formative research using qualitative methods was conducted to analyze the implementation plan of the HPV vaccination program. Data were collected through focus group discussions (FGD) and in-depth interviews. At the end of each FGD activity or interview, transcription and thematic analysis based on content were done. The FGD participants were ten teachers, while the in-depth interview participants were one school committee. This study found two main themes, namely the scheme of implementing the HPV vaccination program and obstacles to the implementation of HPV vaccination. Schools generally supported the program implementation. However, parents still question the importance of the HPV vaccination for their daughters and consider the vaccine costs expensive. Implementation of the HPV vaccination program must consider the existing program schemes in schools and possible obstacles. The results suggested that for the next HPV vaccination program, the facilitators should provide intense and relevant education to parents about the importance and side effects of HPV immunization, and are expected to build a willingness of parents to vaccinate their daughters and seek vaccination costs, one of which can be through a savings program.

Background: Maternal death during childbirth is usually caused by puerperal infection (11%) this happens because of a lack of care on the wound, bleeding (27%) (Due to the birth canal laceration and complications during parturition (8%). Many women feel too concerned about the perineum injury, so they afraid to do activities in the first days after delivering. It was necessary for the proper techniques in wound care, and the most important was the use of materials and the proper way, for example by using Far Infra-Red Therapy. The benefits of infrared light is able to activate the water molecules in the body, improve microcirculation, cleanse the blood, improve skin texture, so by utilizing far infrared, process of wound healing can take place more quickly. Methods: This study used Quasi-experiment with Pre-Post-test Control Group Design with Cross-sectional approach. Intervention group was using puerperal women given far infrared and control using puerperal women given iodine. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. Samples were puerperal women who suffered lacerations in perineum at RB Amanda. Samples were of 30 people that divided into two groups. Results: The results of independent t test p values are significant only on day 1 of 0.01, and Paired t test show a significant difference (p = 0.00) in the control group only at day 1 to 2 with a mean of 15. In the intervention group have a significant difference on day 1 to 2 (p = 0.00, mean = 31.7) and on day 2 and 3 (p = 0:04, mean = 5.7). Conclusions: Infrared therapy is more effective in perineum wound healing during postpartum.