Background and aims – Bjerkandera is one of the few poroid genera in the Phanerochaetaceae family known to date. The genus has a worldwide distribution and is characterized by effused-reflexed, pileate basidiomata with a pale cream to smoky or mouse grey hymenophore that becomes darker when dried, and a monomitic hyphal structure with clamped generative hyphae. Morphological and phylogenetic studies have traditionally accepted only two species in the genus, B. adusta (generic type) and B. fumosa, both described from temperate Europe. Recently, three additional species, B. atroalba, B. centroamericana and B. mikrofumosa were described from the Neotropics. While studying polypores in the Yungas forests of northwest Argentina and the Atlantic Forest of southeast Brazil, several specimens of Bjerkandera were gathered. A comparative morphological study revealed that some of these specimens do not correspond to any of the known species in the genus. This study aimed to propose a broad species-level phylogenetic hypothesis for Bjerkandera in the Neotropics and worldwide and to discuss the taxonomic status and diversity of the species in this genus.Methods – This study is based on a morphological examination of specimens collected between 2012 and 2017, and on a revision of original collections, including the type specimens. A total of eleven ITS and seven nLSU sequences were generated and phylogenetic analyses based on Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) were performed.Key results – An extensive documentation of the species diversity within Bjerkandera in the Neotropics is presented. Genetic data of B. mikrofumosa were obtained for the first time and its phylogenetic position was tested. Additionally, its geographic distribution was extended in the Neotropics to Argentina and Brazil. Finally, molecular and morphological evidence was used to propose a new species for the genus, Bjerkandera albocinerea sp. nov.Conclusion – This study provides an update of the known diversity of the genus in the Neotropics and worldwide. In addition, our results indicate that the number of taxa in Bjerkandera has been underestimated by morphological evidence, and may actually be greater than traditionally accepted.

Three species currently addressed to Protohydnum (Auriculariales) are studied with morphological and DNA methods. The genus Protohydnum is retained for the type species only, P. cartilagineum, recently re-collected in Brazil. The European species, P. piceicola, is not congeneric with P. cartilagineum and, therefore, placed in its own genus, Hyalodon, gen. nov. Another Hyalodon species, H. antui, is described from East Asia. The third member of Protohydnum sensu lato, P. sclerodontium from South-East Asia, is transferred to Elmerina.

Fungal species are not immune to the threats facing animals and plants and are thus also prone to extinction. Yet, until 2015, fungi were nearly absent on the IUCN Red List. Recent efforts to identify fungal species under threat have significantly increased the number of published fungal assessments. The 597 species of fungi published in the 2022-1 IUCN Red List update (21 July 2022) are the basis for the first global review of the extinction risk of fungi and the threats they face. Nearly 50% of the assessed species are threatened, with 10% NT and 9% DD. For regions with a larger number of assessments (i.e., Europe, North America, and South America), subanalyses are provided. Data for lichenized and nonlichenized fungi are also summarized separately. Habitat loss/degradation followed by climate change, invasive species, and pollution are the primary identified threats. Bias in the data is discussed along with knowledge gaps. Suggested actions to address these gaps are provided along with a discussion of the use of assessments to facilitate on-the-ground conservation efforts. A research agenda for conservation mycology to assist in the assessment process and implementation of effective species/habitat management is presented.

-(Polyporales and similar poroid genera (Basidiomycota) from Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, São Paulo State, Brazil). This survey presents the first species list of the poroid fungi (Polyporales and related genera) from Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Santa Virgínia, the largest area of the Atlantic forest in Brazil. A total of 68 species, 38 genera and ten families were found in the studied area.