Resumo Trata-se de estudo transversal, com o objetivo de analisar a satisfação de usuários em relação ao atendimento em unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde do Distrito Federal e fatores associados. Foram incluídos 4.476 usuários das 62 equipes da ESF existentes na Região de Saúde Leste; utilizou-se questionário testado previamente com perguntas abertas e fechadas. Quanto ao nível geral de satisfação, encontrou-se 54,9% dos usuários Satisfeitos e 23,0% Muito Satisfeitos. Para este desfecho Nível Geral de Satisfação houve menor satisfação nos casos que o usuário não conseguiu ser atendido (OR 12,1 p=0,01); não recebeu visita domiciliar (OR 1,7 p=0,01); é do sexo feminino (OR 1,2 p=0,01) e declarou cor/etnia não branco (OR 0,77 p=0,021). Já a “Chance do Usuário Recomendar a UBS” foi: Alta (43,4%) e Muito Alta (17,7%). De modo similar, a menor chance de recomendar foi associada a casos de não atendimento (OR 5,1 p=0,01) e ausência de visita domiciliar (OR 1,5 p=0,01); não houve associação com variáveis sociodemográficas. Evidencia-se a percepção que os serviços são satisfatórios para a maioria dos usuários. O estudo também trouxe evidências para a importância de contar com a equipe ESF completa e de expandir a visita domiciliar.

Background Neural tube defects (NTDs) constitute the most frequent group among congenital malformations and are the main cause of neonatal morbimortality. Folic acid (FA) can reduce the risk of pregnancies affected by NTDs. Objective We aimed to investigate whether mandatory folic acid (FA) fortification of flours is cost-effective as compared to non-mandatory fortification, and to verify whether FA dosage, cost composition, and the quality of economic studies influence the cost-effectiveness of outcomes. Methods We conducted a systematic review. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD 42018115682). A search was conducted using the electronic databases MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and EBSCO/CINAHL between January 2019 and October 2020 and updated in February 2021. Eligible studies comprised original economic analyses of mandatory FA fortification of wheat and corn flours (maize flours) compared to strategies of non-mandatory fortification in flours and/or use of FA supplements for NTD prevention. The Drummond verification list was used for quality analysis. Results A total of 7,859 studies were identified, of which 13 were selected. Most (77%; n = 10) studies originated from high-income countries, while three (23%) were from upper-middle-income countries. Results of a cost-effectiveness analysis showed that fortification is cost-effective for NTD prevention, except for in one study in New Zealand. The cost-benefit analysis yielded a median ratio of 17.5:1 (0.98:1 to 417.1:1), meaning that for each monetary unit spent in the program, there would be a return of 17.5 monetary units. Even in the most unfavorable case of mandatory fortification, the investment in the program would virtually payoff at a ratio of 1:0.98. All FA dosages were cost-effective and offered positive health gains, except in one study. The outcomes of two studies showed that FA dosages above 300 μg/100 g have a higher CBA ratio. The studies with the inclusion of “loss of consumer choice” in the analysis may alter the fortification cost-efficacy ratio. Conclusion We expect the findings to be useful for public agencies in different countries in decision-making on the implementation and/or continuity of FA fortification as a public policy in NTD prevention.

Anencephaly, encephalocele, and spina bifida are congenital neural tube defects and are the main causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality and impose a heavy economic burden on health systems. This study to estimates the direct costs of neural tube defects from the perspective of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, and the prevented cases and cost savings during the period in which mandatory folic acid fortification was in effect in the country (2010–2019). It is a top-down cost-of-illness oriented study based on the prevalence of the disorders in Brazil. Data were collected from the Brazilian Ministry of Health’s outpatient and hospital information system databases. The direct cost was estimated from the total patient-years, allocated by age and type of disorder. Prevented cases and cost savings were determined by the difference in the prevalence of the disorders in the pre- and post-fortification periods based on the total number of births and the sum of outpatient and hospital costs during the period. The total cost of outpatient and hospital services for these disorders totaled R$ 92,530,810.63 (Int$ 40,565,896.81) in 10 years; spina bifida accounted for 84.92% of the total cost. Hospital costs were expressive of all three disorders in the first year of the patient’s life. Between 2010 and 2019, mandatory folic acid fortification prevented 3,499 live births with neural tube defects and resulted in R$ 20,381,586.40 (Int$ 8,935,373.25) in hospital and outpatient cost savings. Flour fortification has proved to be a valuable strategy in preventing pregnancies with neural tube defects. Since its implementation, there has been a 30% decrease in the prevalence of neural tube defects and a 22.81% decrease associated in hospital and outpatient costs.

This systematic review aimed to synthesize the results of studies that investigated the survival of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in ice cream, in order to determine the factors that enhance survival during storage. The most expressive factors in enhancing the survival of probiotic strains in ice cream were: (i) microencapsulation of LAB, (ii) addition of prebiotics, (iii) fruit and its derivatives, (iv) vegetable extracts, (v) flours, (vi) use of fat substitute for inulin, and (vii) and adaptation of LAB to cold or heat. The factors that have been shown to reduce the viability of probiotic strains were: (i) substitution of sugar for sweeteners and (ii) storage time. Still contradictory results were found regarding the addition of whey and vitamins and minerals, replacement of cow's milk by other ingredients, change in the amount of fat alone and together with sugar, the influence of the LAB species/subspecies and different methods ice cream manufacturing. Finally, different ice cream packaging materials had no significant effect on survival.

Objetivo: Analisar as produções científicas brasileiras sobre a cultura de segurança do paciente na atenção primária à saúde. Método: Estudo de revisão integrativa guiado pelo protocolo PRISMA, a busca ocorreu nas bases de dados: SciELO, Medline e LILACS, por meio do cruzamento dos descritores em português: Segurança do paciente, Atenção primária à saúde, Cultura organizacional, Saúde e Segurança. Resultados: Observou-se publicações que a partir do ano de 2018, com temática variando entre comparação da cultura de segurança do paciente (SP) entre categorias profissionais e avaliação da cultura de SP na atenção primária à saúde (APS). Conclusão: A análise dos artigos percebeu-se que há carência de estudos que envolvam outros aspectos nas pesquisas sobre cultura de segurança do paciente, como por exemplo, a observação da prática assistencial e percepção dos usuários, sugere-se então, que sejam realizados mais estudos no contexto da APS.