This study aimed to evaluate the effect of immersion using liquid smoke with different concentrations on the germination viability of Indigofera zollingeriana. The design used was a completely randomized design with 4 treatments: A0 = 0% liquid smoke, A20 = 20% liquid smoke, A40 = 40% liquid smoke, A100 = 100% liquid smoke, each treatment with 4 replications. The parameters observed were the germination viability, mean germination time, and mean daily germination. ANOVA analysis showed that the treatment had a significant effect on germination viability but insignificant on the germination rate and mean germination time. Treatment A0 was the treatment with the highest germination viability (75%), but the highest germination rate (0.34 cm/day) was in treatment A20. The higher the concentration of liquid smoke, the lower the germination viability, the germination rate and the mean germination time.

The potential of land and pastures are very abundant, especially in South Central Timor Regency. However, the maintenance system is still conducted using extensive-traditional (semi-intensive) method, that is, grazing is carried out in natural pasture where the cattle are left free to graze and after that the cattle are put back in cages. Therefore, farmers must provide forage for their livestock. The purpose of this study was to analyze the potential use of forage for ruminants in South Central Timor Regency. Primary data had been obtained by through interviews using questionnaires and direct observations. Respondents in this study were 94 breeders located in the districts of North Mollo, Noebeba and South Amanuban. Results of the study showed that the types of forage fodder in South Central Timor Regency consisted of natural grass, superior grass, tree legumes and rumbah. In addition, farmers also used agricultural crop wastes as animal feed.

This study aims at determining the content of natural grass fiber fraction at different altitudes. The method used was a survey method and each location had 10 plots by making random plots in taking the samples for laboratory analysis and descriptive analysis. The parameter measured was the fiber fraction. The results showed that the highest content of NDF fiber fraction was in Noebeba District while the highest content of ADF, Cellulose, and Lignin was in South Amanuban District, while the lowest content of NDF, ADF, Cellulose, lignin was in North Mollo District and the lowest hemicellulose content was in South Amanuban District.

Flamboyant (Delonix regia) is a plant that thrives all year round. This study aims to evaluate the nutritional content of flamboyant leaves processed with different processing methods. The study took in the Animal Feed Nutrition Laboratory of State Agricultural Polytechnic of Kupang from June to August 2022. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments tested were F1: flamboyant was dried in the shade for 5 days, F2: flamboyant was soaked in water for 4 hours, F3: flamboyant was soaked in a solution of rubbing ash for 4 hours, F4: flamboyant was ammoniated for 3 weeks, F5: flamboyant was fermented for 3 weeks. The results showed that the treatment tested had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on the content of organic matter, crude protein and crude fiber but had no effect (P>0.05) on the content of dry matter and crude fat. It can be concluded that the water immersion can increase the organic matter content, ammonia treatment increases the crude protein content and reduces the crude fiber content of flamboyant leaves.