Fossil fuels are a non-renewable energy source and their existence will be depleted. An alternative is needed that can reduce fossil fuels by using biomass. Biomass waste in the form of bagasse and coconut shell can be used as an alternative fuel in the form of biobriquette. This study aims to analyze the quality value of briquettes from the proximate test of the composition of bagasse and coconut shell produced with briquette quality standards that refer to SNI 01-6235-2000 about wood charcoal briquettes. The variables in this study consisted of five variables. The variables in this study were mass ratio coconut shells to bagasse were 90%: 10%, 80%: 20%, 70%; 30%, 60%: 40% and 50%: 50% respectively. The results of the test of water content, ash content, and volatile matter of the best quality briquettes of five variables were 90% coconut shell and 10% bagasse.

Corn waste is a solid waste that is still limited in use. One of the efforts that can be made to increase the use-value of maize waste is to convert it into biochar. Corn cobs are a component of corn that can be processed into biochar and can improve soil quality. This study aims to analyze the ability of corn waste biochar (in terms of chemical content and gas emissions) in improving soil quality. Primary data were collected by measuring C element using gravimetric method, N element using kjeldahl method, P element using oslen method, K (NH 4 O AC pH 7), pH using potentiometric, and CO2 emissions from biochar. Biochar is made by burning corn cobs at 500 o C without oxygen for 2 hours. Chemical content measurement of corn cob biochar, known as biochar tongkol jagung (BTJ) and soil, was carried out for eight weeks. The chemical elements of the mixture of biochar and soil at week 8 include C-Organic (0.7%), Total N (0.1%), P 2 O 5 (10.6 ppm), K 2 O (0.28 me), pH (6.19), and CO 2 emissions (6.64 mg CO2/day).

Conventional organic waste composting is one of the processing of organic waste that produces fertilizer. However, the conventional composting process for organic waste lasts 1-3 months. Vermicomposting is composting that lasts a short time, and in addition, vermicomposting produces compost and worms with a high selling value. So, in this study, Musa Paradisiaca L (MPL) peel and sawdust waste were composted using the vermicomposting method into compost. The primary data in this study consisted of monitoring the C/N ratio, temperature, pH, moisture content, texture, the particle size of compost for 3 weeks of the composting process. Testing the analysis of the effect of using Lumbricus Rubellus (LR) earthworms in the composting process of MPL peel waste and sawdust by using LR earthworms. The study results showed that LR worms had no effect on temperature, pH, water content, and C/N ratio during the composting process of MPL peel waste but did affect the texture, particle size, and product of compost weight. pH, moisture content, and temperature of compos with adding LR earthworms and without LR worms was 7, less than 50%, 27-29 0C, respectively.  The C/N ratio of compost that uses LR earthworms was 28, while the C/N ratio of composting that uses LR earthworms was 33.

Composition of organic waste in Surabaya was 54.31% of the total generated waste. One of the biodegradable organic waste is banana peel and sawdust. There are a lack of processing banana peels and sawdust into useful products. The variation of vermicompost materials in this research were vegetable waste (27%), banana peels (27%), and sawdust (46%). The physical characteristics of compost (temperature, moisture content, texture, color, particle size of compost, shrinkage of compost material and weight of L.lumberus worms) were analyzed. The results of this study shown that the physical characteristics of compost in reactors 1 (no adding worms), 2 (adding 100gr worms/kg organic waste), and 3 (adding 250 gr worms/kg organic waste) (temperature, texture and color) have met the standards (Indonesian National Standard number 7763:2018 and 19-7030-2004) but the moisture content did not meet the standards. R2 has a percentage of decreasing of worms about 16.4% of worms but the worms in R3 increased up to 8.3% of worm weight. The shrinkage of compost material in R1, R2, and R3 was 64.67%, 76.45%; and 71.01%, respectively.

Plastic is the biggest commonly used materials in daily life. The increased of use plastics in daily life like due to their light weight, good durability, corrosion resistance, and is quite economical. However, plastic is stable and difficult to degrade so it can cause pollution to soil and also water ecosystems. Plastic waste for many years has been one of the main causes of flooding in several cities in Indonesia. Pyrolysis is one of environmentally friendly technologies that can be a solution to the plastic waste problem. Pyrolysis can convert plastic waste into liquid fuel by thermal degradation. This research aims to synthesize liquid materials from LDPE and PP plastic waste using pyrolysis and study the effect of variations in plastic types. Pyrolysis temperature used is 325 °C in 4 hours. The fuels obtained were analysed in nature including density, viscosity, flash point. Fuel content was analysed using GC-MS devices. The result of research was highest viscosity (0.61 cSt) and density (820K kg m−3) found at 100% PP plastic waste pyrolisis. 100% LDPE composition produced liquid oil with the highest yield on a value of 26.23% and the highest gas yield obtained at 75% LDPE composition and 25% PP (64.44%). Pyrolysis of plastic LDPE and PP produced cyclohexanedione compounds (C9H14O2) with a fairly low percentage.