This paper is a review of optical methods for online nondestructive food quality monitoring. The key spectral areas are the visual and near-infrared wavelengths. We have collected the information of over 260 papers published mainly during the last 20 years. Many of them use an analysis method called chemometrics which is shortly described in the paper. The main goal of this paper is to provide a general view of work done according to different FAO food classes. Hopefully using optical VIS/NIR spectroscopy gives an idea of how to better meet market and consumer needs for high-quality food stuff.

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Scar hypertrophy is a significant clinical problem involving both linear scars from elective surgery and scars caused by trauma or burns. The treatment of hypertrophic scars is often time consuming, and patients may need to be followed up for months or even years. The methods for reliable quantification of scar hypertrophy are at present unsatisfying. We have developed a new, objective method, Spectrocutometry, for documentation and quantification of scar hypertrophy. The instrument is based on standardized digital imaging and spectral modeling and calculates the estimated concentration change of hemoglobin and melanin from the entire scar and also provides standardized images for documentation. Three plastic surgeons have assessed 37 scars from melanoma surgery using Spectrocutometry, the Vancouver scar scale, and the patient and observer scar assessment scale. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the Vancouver scar scale and the patient and observer scar assessment scale was lower than required for reliable assessment (r=0.66 and 0.60, respectively). The intraclass correlation coefficient for Spectrocutometry was high (r=0.89 and 0.88). A Bayesian network analysis revealed a strong dependency between the estimated concentration change of hemoglobin and scar pain. Spectrocutometry is a feasible method for measuring scar hypertrophy. It is shown to be more reliable than subjective rating in assessing linear surgical scars.

Fat tissue engineering by near-infrared laser treatment is investigated in vitro. For the quantitative estimation of efficiency of treatment and consequential processes on the cellular level, a computational method for optical image analysis is proposed. The method is based on the fractal dimension data analysis of fat cell structure. The conducted experiments confirm the feasibility of the proposed method to obtain quantitative information of the cellular processes. The results indicate that the proposed method is promising for estimating spatial changes of biological structure. CCD cameraThermostatic Experimental setup consists of a CCD camera, thermostatic table, sample holder, and CW diode laser

We calculate the electrostatic potential and electric field of a uniformly charged disk everywhere in space. This electrostatic problem was solved long ago, and its gravitational analogue was solved even earlier. However, it seems that physics students are not aware of the solution, because it is not presented in textbooks. The purpose of the present article is to fill this gap in the pedagogical literature.