One of the ways to reduce the pesticidal burden in mature ampelocenoses is the use of foliar bio-preparations of multifunctional action. We studied the influence of growth bioregulators “Albit” and “Mival-Agro” at reduced by 25–50% fungicidal load on productivity and phenolic complex composition (using the HPLC method) of Vitis vinifera “Asma” (Crimean autochthonous table cultivar), “Cabernet Sauvignon” and table grapes of complex genetic structure “Moldova”, grown in the mountain-valley seaside region of Crimea. It was established that bio-regulators increase the harvest of grapes, especially in the first and third years of treatment, depending on the preparation and grape cultivar, by 27–64% and 24–29%, respectively, as compared to control; the bunch weight increased by 134 ± 41%. The first two years of treatment enhance sugar accumulation in berries by 0.7–2.6 Brix. “Albit” preparation proved to be more effective as compared to “Mival-Agro”. The use of “Albit” on “Moldova” and “Cabernet Sauvignon” grapes increased components content in the berries by 19%–88% relative to control, depending on the cultivar and year of treatment, of which: anthocyanins – by 23–83%, stilbenes – by 24–138%. Regardless of treatment, the anthocyanin complex consisted by 75–87% of malvidin monoglucosides in “Cabernet Sauvignon” and “Asma”; 22–56% of malvidin monoglucosides and 21–62% of malvidin diglucoside in “Moldova”. The studied preparations had no significant impact on the quality of wines from “Cabernet Sauvignon”, however, they improved the quality of table grapes and their preservation capacity during storage.
The profile of the phenolic components and features at the beginning of ripening (12.0 -14.5 °Bx) and at the end of the observation (20.0-22.0 °Bx) of Crimean autochthonous white-berry grape cultivars are studied. The total content of identified phenolic compounds at the beginning of ripening differed depending on the cultivar from 669 mg kg -1 (Sauvignon Blanc) to 2411 mg kg -1 (Kokur Belyi). During the ripening period the content of components in berries of autochthonous grape cultivars decreased on average by 3.5 times of initial values (Kokur Belyi -by 4.1 times). In classic cultivars, this parameter did not change. The lowest concentration of phenolic components was observed in Shabash (256 mg kg -1 ) at 20.0-22.0 °Bx, the highest -in Riesling (1006 mg kg -1 ) and Chardonnay (827 mg kg -1 ). The hierarchical analysis of a cluster on a subject of total phenolic components revealed the similarity of autochthone Kokur Belyi to classic cultivars Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc. Autochthonous grape cultivars Sary Pandas and Shabash are closely related and form a separate cluster.
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