This paper considers the dissemination of the versions of the Second Merseburg Charm among the Slavs. The authors combine the structural-semiotic method, which allows them to describe the text structure and the inner logic of its variations, with the historical-geographical method, which helps in understanding texts and their historical transformations and geographical transferences.

Фольклор и книжная культура в Германии нового времени (на примере сборников немецких заговоров XVI-XX вв.) (Серия статей «Литературные языки и литературные традиции: контакты и влияния» под руководством д.ф.н., профессора В. Я. Порхомовского и д.ф.н., профессора И. И. Челышевой, Институт языкознания РАН, г. Москва) Институт языкознания РАН Большой Кисловский переулок.

The article presents a critical analysis of both domestic and foreign works on text linguistics where researchers try to reveal a minimum classification unit. More specifically, the article focuses on the term “Textsorte”. While it is widely employed in German linguistics, its content is not clearly defined in the works of Russian and foreign scholars. Here, it is shown how the term is approached in different fields of research — in information aesthetics, semiotics, text theory, and historical linguistics. The article is aimed at assessing the potential certain text types, recorded in various periods of the life of language, have for an extended description of language history. The authors analyze texts of oral folklore, and namely charms. Therefore, works on the history and typology of folklore genres are taken into account and thoroughly reviewed. These are mainly linguistic genre studies and scrutinizing them provides an opportunity to touch upon problems pertinent to the research of text genres, to consider the discussion around “text genre” and “text type” in foreign and domestic linguistics, to define the place and role of given text types in historical linguistic and cultural studies, and to reveal both trends in researching folklore texts and the relationship of folklore with text linguistics. The authors come to the conclusion that a comprehensive description of a given text type allows one to formulate general principles of diachronically oriented research and make a significant contribution to the development of historical linguistics.

Описываются типы лексикографической информации, которые следует учитывать при составлении двуязычного словаря. В первой части рассмотрены отдельные аспекты современной лексикографии и их применимость к двуязычным словарям. Во второй части обсуждается положение об отсутствии полной межъязыковой эквивалентности в области лексической семантики. На примере «Немецко-русского словаря актуальной лексики» проанализированы типы лексикографической информации, специфичные для двуязычных словарей. Ключевые слова: двуязычная лексикография, типы информации, межъязыковая эквивалентность, немецкий язык, русский язык.