Polazeći od uloge i značaja preduzetništva i MSP za ekonomski rast i zaposlenost, cilj ovog rada je da istraži dostignuti nivo razvijenosti preduzetništva i MSP u Srbiji i izabranim zemljama EU iz okruženja, na osnovu vrednosti Indeksa globalnog preduzetništva u 2018. godini i razvoja MSP u Srbiji i izabranim zemljama EU iz okruženja od 2009. do 2017. godine. Istraživanje razvijenosti MSP sprovešće se kroz komparativnu analizu performansi MSP u nefinansijskom poslovnom sektoru u Srbiji i odabranim zemljama EU iz okruženja od 2009. do 2017. godine, analizu doprinosa MSP promeni -oporavku i rastu ili padu zaposlenosti i dodate vrednosti u Srbiji i izabranim zemljama EU od 2009. do 2017. godine, kao i kroz analizu razvijenosti MSP u Srbiji i izabranim zemljama EU u 2009. i 2017. godini na osnovu vrednosti Indeksa razvijenosti MSP u 2009 i 2017. godini. Dobijeni rezultati poslužiće kao osnova za ocenu uspešnosti razvojne, odnosno politike podsticanja razvoja MSP u Srbiji u poređenju sa referentnim zemljama EU iz okruženja i davanje predloga za unapređenje postojeće i/ili donošenje nove politike razvoja MSP u Srbiji.

The paper analyzes the intensity of the influence of the quality of institutions according to the data from the World Bank's specialized Worldwide Governance Indicators database on the growth of gross domestic product per capita of 33 countries of Europe through linear and exponential regression analysis for the period from 1996 to 2016. The observed European countries are divided into three groups: 15 European Union member states in 1995; 13 EU member states from 2004, 2007 and 2013, as well as five countries of the Western Balkans that negotiate or have the status of a candidate for EU membership, in the period from 1996 to 2016. The results of the research have shown that the quality of the institutions had a very positive impact on the economic growth of the observed countries of Europe. According to statistics, positive interdependence is the most significant among the Western Balkan countries. The conclusion is that these countries have to pay special attention to the development of institutions in the process of joining the European Union.

SummaryThe

The textile industry is still significantly involved in production and employment in developed countries and is a major source of growth in many developing countries. As a business with a long history, the textile industry undergoes radical transformations at a global level. With the emergence of new competitors, global business conditions have changed significantly. Nevertheless, European manufacturers have remained world leaders in the production of industrial textiles and fashion clothing. Many European manufacturers resort to subcontracting or relocating capacity for labour-intensive activities in countries with lower labour costs, such as Serbia, in order to maintain competitiveness. The greatest success of the domestic textile industry was recorded in the late 1980s when it was a significant source of employment, the creation of added value and more balanced regional development. Although it is still not at the level of the 1980s, positive developments in the domestic textile industry appeared in 2016 in the direction of growth in production, employment and exports. The state seeks to accelerate the development of the textile industry through the subsidisation of foreign and domestic investors. However, growth that is primarily based on foreign direct investment is a long-term unsustainable concept. In order for growth to be sustainable, it is necessary to encourage the development of activities that produce greater added value and increase competitiveness. That is the reason why it is necessary to support the development of domestic enterprises, as well as the arrival of those foreign investments that generate multiple levels of added value.

The paper studies the interdependence of the phenomena of country’s competitiveness and inequality in income distribution in respect of the countries of the European continent, divided in two groups: a) the present (Albania, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Moldova, and Serbia) and former members (Bulgaria, Croatia Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Romania, and the Czech Republic) of the Central European Free Trade Agreement – CEFTA, and b) EU15 countries. The study relates to the period from 2006 to 2013. The first group of countries represents less competitive countries, while the second includes highly competitive European economies. The achieved level of competitiveness is expressed by the values of the Global Competitiveness Index of the World Economic Forum, decomposed into Basic & Efficiency factors based competitiveness and Innovation & Sophistication factors based competitiveness. Inequality in income distribution is expressed by the Gini coefficient. Based on the created model of dependence of the Gini coefficient on the above-mentioned components of competitiveness, using simple and multiple linear regression analysis, it has been concluded that the achieved level of competitiveness of some countries has a statistically significant influence on the value of the Gini coefficient. The results of multiple linear regression analysis show that, in the group of CEFTA countries, the influence coefficient of Basic & Efficiency factors based competitiveness is around -3.8, while for the EU15 group, it is about 2.4. Furthermore, research has confirmed a statistically significant influence of Innovation & Sophistication Factors based competitiveness on the decrease in the value of the Gini coefficient in both observed groups of countries; in CEFTA group, influence coefficient is about -8.4, and, in the EU15, the influence is somewhat weaker, and amounts to -5.8.